结直肠腺瘤样息肉很常见,在60岁以上人群中发病率约30%-40%。[1]Lieberman DA, Weiss DG, Bond JH, et al. Use of colonoscopy to screen asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:162-168.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200007203430301#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10900274?tool=bestpractice.com男性比女性发病率高1.5倍。[2]Rex DK, Lehman GA, Ulbright TM, et al. Colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests: influence of age, gender, and family history. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:825-831.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503374?tool=bestpractice.com高风险腺瘤包括首次结肠镜发现3个及以上息肉,年龄大于60岁,一级亲属患结直肠癌。[3]Atkin WS, Saunders BP. Surveillance guidelines after removal of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Gut. 2002;51;v6-v9.http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/51/suppl_5/v6http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12221031?tool=bestpractice.com扁平腺瘤,拥有更加低平的外观,有较高的不典型增生及恶变的风险。[4]Rembacken BJ, Fujii T, Cairns A, et al. Flat and depressed colonic neoplasms: a prospective study of 1000 colonoscopies in the UK. Lancet. 2000;355:1211-1214.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770302?tool=bestpractice.com