在血吸虫流行的国家,所有与不含氯的淡水,无论流动的(河和溪)或静止的(池和沟)的接触均应该避免。[21]Amorosa V, Kremens D, Wolfe MS, et al. Schistosoma mansoni in family 5 years after safari. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:339-341.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15759334?tool=bestpractice.com在流行国家,最佳的预防方式集中在阻断传播(例如合成的药物治疗,改变人们的行为,改进公共卫生设施,使用化学或改变栖息方式去除淡水螺)。[23]Jordan P. Schistosomiasis: the St. Lucia project. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1985.健康教育计划已经在一些流行地区成功实施。[24]Wang Z, Lin C, Wang H, et al. Impact assessment of health education on schistosomiasis among high school students in wanzhou area of three gorges reservoir. CJEBM. 2012;12:274-277.对于血吸虫感染,目前尚无可用疫苗;但是,在临床试验中,正在评估候选疫苗。[25]Santini-Oliveira M, Coler RN, Parra J, et al. Schistosomiasis vaccine candidate Sm14/GLA-SE: phase 1 safety and immunogenicity clinical trial in healthy, male adults. Vaccine. 2016;34:586-594.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26571311?tool=bestpractice.com