BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 十月 2018
最近更新时间: 一月 2018

小结

定义

病史和查体

关键诊断因素

  • 存在危险因素
  • 面部和上肢局部水肿
  • 呼吸困难
  • 面部多血症

其他诊断因素

  • 厌食症
  • 体重减轻
  • 咯血
  • 厌食症

危险因素

  • 吸烟
  • 多重起搏器导线
  • 年龄超过50岁
  • 放疗

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 胸部X线检查
  • 胸部CT
  • 胸部核磁共振成像
  • 上肢超声检查
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 静脉造影
  • 活检
  • 痰细胞学检查
  • 胸腔穿刺术
全部具体信息

治疗流程

贡献者

Kul Aggarwal MD, MRCP, FACC

Professor of Clinical Medicine

University of Missouri

Columbia

MO

利益冲突披露
KA declares that he has no competing interests.

Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine

University of Missouri

Columbia

MO

利益冲突披露
AKC declares that he has no competing interests.

Professor Kul Aggarwal and Dr Albert K Chan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nipun Arora and Lokesh Tejwani, previous contributors to this monograph. NA declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议专家 查看所有

Gill Foundation Professor of Interventional Cardiology

Director of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories

Gill Heart Institute

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine

University of Kentucky

Lexington

KY

利益冲突披露
DM declares that he has no competing interests.

Associate Professor

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Department of Cardiology

Houston

TX

利益冲突披露
SWY declares that he has no competing interests.

Cardiology Specialist Registrar

The James Cook University Hospital

Middlesbrough

UK

利益冲突披露
AT declares that he has no competing interests.

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