检查 吞咽时食管下端括约肌舒张不全和食管蠕动停止是诊断贲门失弛缓症最重要的两条测压的标准。[21]Spechler SJ, Castell DO. Classification of esophageal motility abnormalities. Gut. 2001;49:145-151.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11413123?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Camacho-Lobato L, Katz PO, Eveland J, et al. Vigorous achalasia: original description requires minor change. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;33:375-377.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11606852?tool=bestpractice.com
在一些贲门失弛缓症的患者中,测压导管或许不能通过食管下端括约肌。
纵行肌痉挛和随之而来的食管缩短可以导致明显的假性舒张。[29]Fox M, Hebbard G, Janiak P, et al. High-resolution manometry predicts the success of oesophageal bolus transport and identifies clinically important abnormalities not detected by conventional manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004;16:533-542.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15500509?tool=bestpractice.com
在诊断贲门失弛缓症时,高分辨率测压比传统测压法更准确。[22]Clouse RE, Staiano A, Alrakawi A, et al. Application of topographical methods to clinical esophageal manometry. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:2720-2730.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11051340?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Fox M. Multiple rapid swallowing in idiopathic achalasia: from conventional to high resolution manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007;19:780-781.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727398?tool=bestpractice.com
高分辨率测压已观察证实了贲门失弛缓症的三种亚型,这可能也有助于预测治疗反应。[24]Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, et al. Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1526-1533.http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01332-2/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18722376?tool=bestpractice.com