修订的WHO和BCSH标准[1]Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM. The 2008 WHO diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2009;4:33-40.http://www.alabmed.com/uploadfile/2014/0212/20140212084709455.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20425436?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Spivak JL, Silver RT. The revised World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and primary myelofibrosis: an alternative proposal. Blood. 2008;112:231-239.http://bloodjournal.org/content/112/2/231.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401028?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Michiels JJ, de Raeve H, Hebeda K, et al. WHO bone marrow features and European clinical, molecular, and pathological (ECMP) criteria for the diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders. Leuk Res. 2007;31:1031-1038.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17367853?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Harrison CN, Bareford D, Butt N, et al; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guideline for investigation and management of adults and children presenting with a thrombocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2010;149:352-375.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08122.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456?tool=bestpractice.com
对于原发性血小板增多症的推荐诊断标准
A1:持续PLT>450 x 10^9/L(>450,000/uL)
A2:存在获得性致病基因突变(如在JAK2或MPL基因中)
A3:没有其他髓系肿瘤,尤其是PV、PMF、CML或MDS。PV可以通过充足铁和Hct正常来除外。当存在严重的骨髓纤维化(网状纤维≥2/3或者3/4)和明显的脾大、血涂片异常(外周血原始细胞和泪滴样细胞)、不能解释的贫血时需要考虑PMF。CML可以通过骨髓和外周血的BCR-ABL融合基因的缺失来确诊。MDS可以通过骨髓穿刺和外周血涂片有无造血异常来明确。
A4:没有反应性血细胞增多症的病因、铁储备正常。
A5:骨髓涂片和环形活检显示巨核细胞数量增加、一系列形态上差异:以大的巨核细胞为主、核分叶过多胞浆丰富。网状纤维并不增加(0/3级或者0到2/4级)。
确认诊断需要满足A1、A2和A3。如果没有获得性致病基因突变,诊断需要同时满足A1、A3、A4和A5。