麻风杆菌杀菌抗生素
近年来,已证实 3 种抗生素可高效杀灭麻风杆菌,并可能被纳入多药物治疗方案之中。这些抗生素为莫西沙星,一种氟喹诺酮;利福喷丁,一种长效利福霉素衍生物;和二芳基喹啉 (R207910)。[32]International Leprosy Association. Report of the International Leprosy Association Technical Forum: Paris, France, 22-28 February 2002. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 2002;70(suppl):S1-S62.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12125673?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Consigny S, Bentoucha A, Bonnafous P, et al. Bactericidal activities of HMR 3647, moxifloxacin, and rifapentine against Mycobacterium leprae in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:2919-2921.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC90182/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991891?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Andries K, Verhasselt P, Guillemont J, et al. A diarylquinoline drug active on the ATP synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science. 2005;307:223-227.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591164?tool=bestpractice.com[35]WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy. 8th report. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2012;968:1-61.http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75151/1/WHO_TRS_968_eng.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970604?tool=bestpractice.com
单剂化疗
ROM(利福平、氧氟沙星和米诺环素)单剂化疗已在单处病损少菌型麻风患者中取得了很有前景的初步结果。[30]Manickam P, Nagaraju B, Selvaraj V, et al; Team of Study Investigators. Efficacy of single-dose chemotherapy (rifampicin, oflaxacin and minocycline-ROM) in PB leprosy patients with 2 to 5 skin lesions, India: randomised double-blind trial. Indian J Lepr. 2012;84:195-207.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23484334?tool=bestpractice.com但是,还需要更多研究加以证实。