生物疗法
目前研究重点关注用于高风险肾肿瘤的结合生物疗法的新治疗方案。[203]Dome JS, Fernandez CV, Mullen EA, et al. Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: renal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:994-1000.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255438?tool=bestpractice.com
有易感综合征的患者的保留肾单位手术
保留肾单位手术对有易感综合征（例如，Beckwith-Wiedemann 综合征、WAGR [Wilms 瘤、无虹膜症、泌尿生殖器异常和精神发育迟滞] 综合征）相关性单侧 Wilms 瘤的患者是安全的，且允许保存肾功能和良好的肿瘤治疗效果。在针对该特定患者组对当前手术建议做出修改，或将非综合征单侧疾病的内容添加入当前手术建议之前，还需做进一步的研究。[204]Romão RL, Pippi Salle JL, Shuman C, et al. Nephron sparing surgery for unilateral Wilms tumor in children with predisposing syndromes: single center experience over 10 years. J Urol. 2012;188(suppl):1493-1498.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22910237?tool=bestpractice.com[192]Kieran K, Davidoff AM. Nephron-sparing surgery for bilateral Wilms tumor. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31:229-236.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633157?tool=bestpractice.com[205]Wilde JC, Aronson DC, Sznajder B, et al. Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) for unilateral Wilms tumor (UWT): the SIOP 2001 experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61:2175-2179.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156758?tool=bestpractice.com[206]Cost NG, Sawicz-Birkowska K, Kajbafzadeh AM, et al. A comparison of renal function outcomes after nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for nonsyndromic unilateral Wilms tumor. Urology. 2014;83:1388-1393.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24768019?tool=bestpractice.com
