对于肿瘤监测，可每 3-4 个月进行一次肾超声检查，有偶发性 Wilms 瘤的所有儿童（即无遗传综合征的儿童）需进行到 4-5 岁，有过度生长综合征的患者需进行到 7-8 岁。[5]Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, et al. Screening of children with hemihypertrophy, aniridia, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in patients with Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21:188-192.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095320?tool=bestpractice.com[73]McNeil DE, Brown M, Ching A, et al. Screening for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes: a cost-effective model. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2001;37:349-356.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11568898?tool=bestpractice.com[143]Greene AK, Kieran M, Burrows PE, et al. Wilms tumor screening is unnecessary in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Pediatrics. 2004;113:326-329.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/113/4/e326http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060262?tool=bestpractice.com需特别注意识别增加发展 Wilms 瘤可能性的肾源性残留。[6]Heppe RK, Koyle MA, Beckwith JB. Nephrogenic rests in Wilms tumor patients with the Drash syndrome. J Urol. 1991;145:1225-1228.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1851891?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Beckwith JB. Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor: developmental and clinical considerations. Am J Med Genet. 1998;79:268-273.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781906?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Beckwith JB. Management of incidentally encountered nephrogenic rests. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007;29:353-354.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551393?tool=bestpractice.com此外，应对有家族史的父母提供遗传和出生前咨询。[82]Pakakasama S, Tomlinson GE. Genetic predisposition and screening in pediatric cancer. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49:1393-1413.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12580371?tool=bestpractice.com
