必须密切随访至少 60 个月来识别局部复发、对侧 Wilms 瘤发展、远处转移和严重、罕见的治疗相关不良反应(例如继发性恶性肿瘤、肾衰竭、[199]Spreafico F, Terenziani M, Testa S, et al. Long-term renal outcome in adolescent and young adult patients nephrectomized for unilateral Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61:1136-1137.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273060?tool=bestpractice.com[224]Green DM. Evaluation of renal function after successful treatment for unilateral, non-syndromic Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:1929-1935.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039069?tool=bestpractice.com[225]Kern AJ, Inouye B, Ko JS, et al. Impact of nephrectomy on long-term renal function in non-syndromic children treated for unifocal Wilms tumor. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10:662-666.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25439657?tool=bestpractice.com[226]Kishore SS, Oberoi S, Bhattacharya A, et al. Function and size of the residual kidney after treatment of Wilms tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;32:11-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247237?tool=bestpractice.com充血性心力衰竭、限制性肺疾病及不育)。
肿瘤监测包括腹部和胸部 CT,应定期进行,直到治疗完成 18 个月后。腹部超声和胸部 X 线足够识别此后的任何远期复发。[90]Green DM. The treatment of stages I-IV favorable histology Wilms' tumor. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1366-1372.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15084612?tool=bestpractice.com[116]Dome JS, Cotton CA, Perlman EJ, et al. Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms' tumor: results from the fifth National Wilms' Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2352-2358.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710034?tool=bestpractice.com[146]Weirich A, Ludwig R, Graf N, et al. Survival in nephroblastoma treated according to the trial and study SIOP-9/GPOH with respect to relapse and morbidity. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:808-820.http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/15/5/808http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111352?tool=bestpractice.com[193]Speafico F, Pritchard Jones K, Malogolowkin MH, et al. Treatment of relapsed Wilms tumors: lessons learned. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2009;9:1807-1815.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19954292?tool=bestpractice.com
还应定期(即诊断时、治疗中途、治疗结束时以及治疗后的 1 年、3 年和 5 年)进行超声心动图(发现蒽环霉素引起的心脏不良反应)和肌酐清除率检查。
如果患者有双侧 Wilms 瘤,伴有相关性遗传综合症,或如果检测到肾源性残留,则建议实施更长的监测方案。[39]Beckwith JB. Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor: developmental and clinical considerations. Am J Med Genet. 1998;79:268-273.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781906?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Coppes MJ, Beckwith JB. Clinical approach to renal lesions in children with multiple nephrogenic rests. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;35:73-74.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10881011?tool=bestpractice.com