过度生长综合征,例如,Beckwith-Wiedemann 综合征、孤立的偏身肥大、帕尔曼综合征、巨脑畸形综合征以及 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel 综合症。[7]Breslow NE, Norris R, Norkool PA, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of children with the Wilms tumor-Aniridia syndrome: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4579-4585.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673045?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, Perlman EJ, et al. Age distributions, birth weights, nephrogenic rests, and heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;47:260-267.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16700047http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700047?tool=bestpractice.com[73]McNeil DE, Brown M, Ching A, et al. Screening for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes: a cost-effective model. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2001;37:349-356.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11568898?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Grundy R, Pritchard J. Ascertainment of the incidence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:593-594.http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/593-ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208855?tool=bestpractice.com[75]Perlman EJ, Faria P, Soares A, et al. Hyperplastic perilobar nephroblastomatosis: long-term survival of 52 patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;46:203-221.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15816029?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Thomas PR, Tefft M, Farewell VT, et al. Abdominal relapses in irradiated second National Wilms Tumor Study patients. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2:1098-1101.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6092550?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Coppes MJ, Arnold M, Beckwith JB, et al. Factors affecting the risk of contralateral Wilms tumor development: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. Cancer. 1999;85:1616-1625.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193955?tool=bestpractice.com已在这些患者中识别 11p15 带中许多有印记的候选人类基因(IGF2、H19、KCNQ1 和 p57KIP2)。[33]Bjornsson HT, Brown LJ, Fallin MD, et al. Epigenetic specificity of loss of imprinting of the IGF2 gene in Wilms tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:1270-1273.http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/99/16/1270http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17686827?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Ruteshouser EC, Robinson SM, Huff V. Wilms tumor genetics: mutations in WT1, WTX, and CTNNB1 account for only about one-third of tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008;47:461-470.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311776?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Park ES, Kang HJ, Shin HY, et al. Improved survival in patients with recurrent Wilms tumor: the experience of the Seoul National University Children's Hospital. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21:436-440.http://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2006.21.3.436http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778385?tool=bestpractice.com
与组织过度生长不相关的其他综合征包括,Denys-Drash 综合征、WAGR 综合征、孤立的无虹膜症、18 三体和布卢姆综合征。经典例子是 WAGR 综合征(即 Wilms 瘤、无虹膜症、泌尿生殖器异常、智力障碍),以 11p13 染色体区的杂合胚系缺失为特征。[7]Breslow NE, Norris R, Norkool PA, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of children with the Wilms tumor-Aniridia syndrome: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4579-4585.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673045?tool=bestpractice.com