血清钾、磷酸盐和尿酸大量释放于血液循环,导致肾脏清除这些副产物的能力饱和。肿瘤负荷越高,被破坏的细胞越多,发生 TLS 的可能性越大。[2]Hande KR, Garrow GC. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Med. 1993;94:133-139.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430709?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Michallet AS, Tartas S, Coiffier B. Optimizing management of tumor lysis syndrome in adults with hematologic malignancies. Support Cancer Ther. 2005;2:159-166.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18628166?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2767-2778.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509186?tool=bestpractice.com治疗前乳酸脱氢酶、白细胞计数和尿酸水平高代表肿瘤负荷高。上述特征已被确定为独立危险因素。[2]Hande KR, Garrow GC. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Med. 1993;94:133-139.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430709?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Montesinos P, Lorenzo I, Martin G, et al. Tumour lysis syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model. Haematologica. 2008;93:67-74.http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/content/full/93/1/67http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18166787?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Mato AR, Riccio BE, Qin L, et al. A predictive model for the detection of tumor lysis syndrome during AML induction therapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:877-883.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16753873?tool=bestpractice.com