早产

在孕周较小时，新生儿的严重并发症发病率和死亡率均较高。在孕周小于26周的新生儿中，约四分之一的婴儿会出现明显的神经系统损伤，最终导致脑瘫、失明或耳聋等并发症。早产儿的视网膜病变与治疗呼吸窘迫过程中的氧疗相关。尽管如此，50%的早产儿不会出现严重的问题。[122]Marlow N, Wolke D, Bracewell MA, et al. EPICure Study Group. Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:9-19.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa041367#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15635108?tool=bestpractice.com早产儿在儿童时期出现行为问题及ADHD的比例正不断增加。

早产新生儿护理

由于更易导致母体不良反应的发生并使治疗终止，因此β受体激动剂不再被认为是宫缩抑制剂的最佳选择。FDA已发出警告，针对早产不应超适应症使用特布塔林。 [ ]Is there randomized controlled trial evidence to support the use of betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labor?http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.177/full显示答案 [ ]Do prophylactic betamimetics given to women with a singleton pregnancy at risk of preterm delivery improve outcomes?http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.180/full显示答案 [ ]In women with a twin pregnancy, what are the benefits and harms of prophylactic oral betamimetics?http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.1185/full显示答案

β受体激动剂可能对母体带来以下不良反应：胸痛、心悸、呼吸困难、震颤、恶心、呕吐和头痛。