感染性休克是重症监护病房患者中最常见的休克形式。[5]De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al; SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):779-89.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200382?tool=bestpractice.com 成人感染性休克的年发病率估计为 0.3-0.7/1000。[6]Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1303-10.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11445675?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Brun-Buisson C, Meshaka P, Pinton P, et al. EPISEPSIS: a reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French intensive care units. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Apr;30(4):580-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14997295?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Engel C, Brunkhorst FM, Bone HG, et al. Epidemiology of sepsis in Germany: results from a national prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Apr;33(4):606-18.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323051?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al. Sepsis incidence and outcome: contrasting the intensive care unit with the hospital ward. Crit Care Med. 2007 May;35(5):1284-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17414725?tool=bestpractice.com 休克也使得 7%-9% 患者的心肌梗死变得更加复杂(心源性休克)。[10]Goldberg RJ, Samad NA, Yarzebski J, et al. Temporal trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 15;340(15):1162-8.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199904153401504#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202167?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Babaev A, Frederick PD, Pasta DJ, et al. Trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA. 2005 Jul 27;294(4):448-54.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/294/4/448http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046651?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Steg PG, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Am J Cardiol. 2002 Aug 15;90(4):358-63.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161222?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Koek HL, Kardaun JW, Gevers E, et al. Acute myocardial infarction incidence and hospital mortality: routinely collected national data versus linkage of national registers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(11):755-62.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2071965/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17828438?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, et al. Trends in the incidence and survival of patients with hospitalized myocardial infarction, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979 to 1994. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Mar 5;136(5):341-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11874305?tool=bestpractice.com
由于发展中国家腹泻性疾病的发病率(尤其是婴幼儿),导致低血容量性休克成为全球最常见的儿童休克形式。[15]Thomas NJ, Carcillo JA. Hypovolemic shock in pediatric patients. New Horiz. 1998 May;6(2):120-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9654319?tool=bestpractice.com创伤是世界范围内低血容量休克的常见原因, 是美国1至44岁人群死亡的主要原因。[16]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS). January 2019 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/[17]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key injury and violence data. May 2017 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/overview/key_data.html