案例#1
一位28岁女性头痛9个月,最近加重。系统回顾除了在过去一年中其月经不规律外其余均阴性。体格检查无库欣综合征或肢端肥大症的特征性改变。其对抗视野正常,而且没有溢乳。
案例#2
一位52岁男性出现夜间驾驶困难,看不见侧面驶来的汽车。他还描述了从2年前开始进行性性欲下降,无法获得和维持勃起。他报告说撞到了东西。他在过去的2到3年里体重大约增加5kg(11 lb)。出现乏力,不能完成1年前能做的相同工作。检查发现中度肥胖(BMI 35)伴随上臂和大腿群肌肉的减少。其他阳性发现包括出现轻微双侧男性乳房发育,软睾丸(12mLA),和有双颞偏盲的对抗视野异常。
其他表现
复视可能由非腺瘤损害引起,有时由临床非功能垂体腺瘤(CNFPAs)通过肿瘤延伸到海绵窦引起。第三对神经卒中是最常见的脑神经卒中。由第五对脑神经V1和V2支卒中引起的面部疼痛和感觉异常有时可能发生。[6]Arafah BM, Nasrallah MP. Pituitary tumors: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001;8:287-305.http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/8/4/287.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11733226?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Chanson P, Salenave S. Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Minerva Endocrinol. 2004;29:241-275.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765032?tool=bestpractice.com垂体肿瘤可能向上延伸至第三脑室引起脑积水。[6]Arafah BM, Nasrallah MP. Pituitary tumors: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001;8:287-305.http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/8/4/287.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11733226?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Chanson P, Salenave S. Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Minerva Endocrinol. 2004;29:241-275.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765032?tool=bestpractice.com
患者有典型的轻度到中度高催乳素血症(<4,348 pmol/L [<100 ng/mL (<100 μg/L)]),与下丘脑多巴胺对垂体催乳素分泌的紧张性抑制作用的中断有关,称为“Stalk 效应”。垂体卒中可能是目前的临床现象,通常与剧烈头痛和其他肿块压迫作用的症状有关。[8]Verrees M, Arafah BM, Selman WR. Pituitary tumor apoplexy: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;16:E6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15191335?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Sibal L, Ball SG, Connolly V, et al. Pituitary apoplexy: a review of clinical presentation, management and outcome in 45 cases. Pituitary. 2004;7:157-163.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16010459?tool=bestpractice.com极为偶尔的情况下,因颞叶受累而引起癫痫发作。[6]Arafah BM, Nasrallah MP. Pituitary tumors: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001;8:287-305.http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/8/4/287.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11733226?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Chanson P, Salenave S. Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Minerva Endocrinol. 2004;29:241-275.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765032?tool=bestpractice.com极少情况下,促性腺激素细胞腺瘤可表现为性早熟、高睾酮水平、男性巨睾丸或女性卵巢过度刺激。[10]Heseltine D, White MC, Kendall-Taylor P, et al. Testicular enlargement and elevated serum inhibin concentrations occur in patients with pituitary macroadenomas secreting follicle stimulating hormone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989;31:411-423.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2627747?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Cooper O, Geller JL, Melmed S. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome caused by an FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008;4:234-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18268519?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Djerassi A, Coutifaris C, West VA, et al. Gonadotroph adenoma in a premenopausal woman secreting follicle-stimulating hormone and causing ovarian hyperstimulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:591-594.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7852525?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Snyder PJ, Sterling FH. Hypersecretion of LH and FSH by a pituitary adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976;42:544-550.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/767353?tool=bestpractice.com