在免疫极度低下宿主,念珠菌可能局灶性侵袭。[6]Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection. EC-Clearinghouse on oral problems related to HIV infection and WHO Collaborating Centre on oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus. J Oral Pathol Med. 1993;22:289-291.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8229864?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. April 2015. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ (last accessed 26 March 2017).https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/Adult_OI.pdf[64]Rex JH, Walsh TJ, Sobel JD, et al. Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:662-678.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/4/662.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770728?tool=bestpractice.com[65]Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:e1-e50.https://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/e1.full?sid=4827073b-85a7-41bc-bbcb-c5cc007fc23dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679628?tool=bestpractice.com 临床上可发生吞咽困难及吞咽痛。 优先考虑的全身性治疗药物包括氟康唑、阿尼芬净、卡泊芬净或米卡芬净。[65]Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:e1-e50.https://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/e1.full?sid=4827073b-85a7-41bc-bbcb-c5cc007fc23dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679628?tool=bestpractice.com 对于难治性病例,推荐伊曲康唑混悬液、泊沙康唑或伏立康唑。[65]Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:e1-e50.https://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/e1.full?sid=4827073b-85a7-41bc-bbcb-c5cc007fc23dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679628?tool=bestpractice.com
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