应鼓励戒烟,即使是已经得了癌症的患者。[16]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: small cell lung cancer. 2016. http://www.nccn.org (last accessed 30 August 2016).http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp[22]Leone FT, Evers-Casey S, Toll BA, et al. Treatment of tobacco use in lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2013;143(suppl 5):e61S-e77S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23649454?tool=bestpractice.com持续吸烟和小细胞肺癌患者中的死亡风险升高、发生第二种原发肿瘤和疾病复发都显著相关。[61]Parsons A, Daley A, Begh R, et al. Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:b5569.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2809841/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093278?tool=bestpractice.com相反,在诊断肺癌时或之后戒烟与死亡风险下降相关。[62]Chen J, Jiang R, Garces YI, et al. Prognostic factors for limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a study of 284 patients. Lung Cancer. 2010;67:221-226.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19497635?tool=bestpractice.com