BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 十月 2018
最近更新时间: 八月 2018

小结

定义

病史和查体

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 在过去 72 小时内暴露于 HIV
  • 安全套破裂、脱落或未使用
  • 源患者的射精史

其他诊断因素

  • 源患者的 HIV 检测阴性既往史
  • 合并肝炎感染的源患者
  • 源患者的 HIV 检测阴性既往史
  • 源患者中 HIV 对抗病毒药物的耐药性

危险因素

  • 来自 HIV 阳性供者的输血
  • 共用注射器具
  • 针头刺伤
  • 肛交的被动方

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • HIV 抗原/抗体血液检测(血液 ELISA 或 EIA)
  • HIV 床旁快速 (POCT) 检测
  • 肾功能检查
  • 血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶或丙氨酸氨基转移酶
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 如果出现 HIV 血清转换症状,检测 HIV 病毒载量
全部具体信息

治疗流程

贡献者

Genitourinary and HIV Specialist Registrar

Department of HIV

Harrison Wing

Guy’s and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

利益冲突披露
MJL declares no competing interests.

HIV consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer KCL

Department of HIV

Harrison Wing

Guy’s and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

利益冲突披露
JF has received scientific grants from Gilead Sciences and Merck.

Dr Ming Jie Lee and Dr Julie Fox would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jennifer A. Johnson, Dr Paul Sax, Dr Rebecca Plank, Dr Michael Brady, Dr Emily Cheserem, and Dr Claire M. Naftalin, the previous contributors to this monograph. JAJ declares that she has no competing interests. PS serves as a consultant for Abbott, BMS, Gilead, GSK, Merck, and Janssen. He receives grant support from BMS, Gilead, and GSK. EC has been sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline for several conferences and sponsored by Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, and Abbott Laboratories to attend various educational programs. CMN has been sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals to attend an educational program. CMN is an author of a reference cited in this monograph. MB not disclosed. RP declares that she has no competing interests.

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Clinical Director

HIV/AIDS Services

Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust

London

UK

利益冲突披露
MJ declares that she has no competing interests.

Chief Medical Officer

Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND)

Campus Biotech

Geneva

Switzerland

利益冲突披露
Not disclosed.

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