原发性骨髓纤维化 (PMF) 的年发病率是每 100,000 人中有 0.4 至 1.4 例。[2]Mesa RA, Silverstein MN, Jacobsen SJ, et al. Population-based incidence and survival figures in essential thrombocythemia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: an Olmsted County Study, 1976-1995. Am J Hematol. 1999;61:10-15.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10331505?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Kutti J, Ridell B. Epidemiology of the myeloproliferative disorders: essential thrombocythaemia, polycythaemia vera and idiopathic myelofibrosis. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2001;49:164-166.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11317963?tool=bestpractice.com因为存在相对较长的中位生存时间,所以疾病的患病率似乎较高。PMF 似乎在白种人中更常见。在成人 PMF 患者中,男性占多数。诊断年龄中位数为 65 岁。约 20% 的患者年龄 < 55 岁。在年幼儿童中,女孩的发病率是男孩的两倍。