在 50 岁及 50 岁以上的白人中,约 2%-3% 患有 MGUS。[3]Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1362-1369.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa054494#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571879?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:933-942.http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014;28:1537-1542.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com据粗略估计,约 300-500 万美国人可能患有 MGUS。患病率随年龄增长而提高。MGUS 在男性中比女性中多见,约 3% 的白人男性和 2% 的白人女性患有该病。[3]Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1362-1369.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa054494#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571879?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:933-942.http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014;28:1537-1542.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.comMGUS 在黑人中更常见,患病率约为白人的 2-3 倍。[4]Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:933-942.http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)60235-8/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713974?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014;28:1537-1542.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090286/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441287?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Landgren O, Weiss BM. Patterns of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma in various ethnic/racial groups: support for genetic factors in pathogenesis. Leukemia. 2009;23:1691-1697.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587704?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Landgren O, Katzmann JA, Hsing AW, et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among men in Ghana. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:1468-1473.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053453?tool=bestpractice.com多发性骨髓瘤患者的性别和人种比例与此类似。不过,黑人和白人患者从 MGUS 到多发性骨髓瘤的进展率相同(每年约 0.5%-1%)。[8]Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. Long-term follow-up of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:169-171.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12720130?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, et al. Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States. Blood. 2006;107:904-906.http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/107/3/904.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210333?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Turesson I, Kovalchik SA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden. Blood. 2014;123:338-345.http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/123/3/338http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222331?tool=bestpractice.com虽然尚不清楚潜在的生物学机制,但在不同血统的 MGUS 患者中存在异质性证据。例如,与白人相比,黑人 IgM 型 MGUS 的发生率低于 IgG 型或 IgA 型。