MAS 的病程从轻度至中度至重度不等，若不给予合理的干预，会导致死亡。 MAS 的大样本足月儿数据证实了之前小样本观察研究的结果。[8]Singh BS, Clark RH, Powers RJ, et al. Meconium aspiration syndrome remains a significant problem in the NICU: outcomes and treatment patterns in term neonates admitted for intensive care during a ten-year period. J Perinatol. 2009 Jul;29(7):497-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158800?tool=bestpractice.com 大多数婴儿 (80%) 的病程较短，持续 3-4 日，之后他们便可出院回家。[4]Dargaville PA, South M, McDougall PN. Surfactant and surfactant inhibitors in meconium aspiration syndrome. J Pediatr. 2001 Jan;138(1):113-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11148523?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Singh BS, Clark RH, Powers RJ, et al. Meconium aspiration syndrome remains a significant problem in the NICU: outcomes and treatment patterns in term neonates admitted for intensive care during a ten-year period. J Perinatol. 2009 Jul;29(7):497-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158800?tool=bestpractice.com 9% 的患儿将被转移到 III+ 重症监护病房。其中大部分需依赖呼吸支持 1-2 周后出院回家，5% 出院时仍需要氧气支持（生后第 28 日），4.9% 可能出现癫痫。[8]Singh BS, Clark RH, Powers RJ, et al. Meconium aspiration syndrome remains a significant problem in the NICU: outcomes and treatment patterns in term neonates admitted for intensive care during a ten-year period. J Perinatol. 2009 Jul;29(7):497-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158800?tool=bestpractice.com
长期预后
远期随访研究显示，MAS 婴儿可能存在多种神经发育障碍，尤其是合并宫内缺氧者。[51]Beligere N, Rao R. Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome: report of a study and literature review. J Perinatol. 2008 Dec;28(suppl 3):S93-101.https://www.nature.com/articles/jp2008154http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19057618?tool=bestpractice.com 新生儿 MAS 也可导致远期发生反应性气道疾病。[52]Khan AM, Elidemir O, Epstein CE, et al. Meconium aspiration produces airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):L785-90.http://ajplung.physiology.org/content/283/4/L785.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12225955?tool=bestpractice.com
