症状严重性：高质量证据表明，在改善儿童及青少年的 ADHD 症状方面，托莫西汀并不亚于速释型哌醋甲酯。[92]Wang Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, et al. Atomoxetine versus
methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry.
2007;41:222-230.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17464703?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
症状严重性：高质量证据表明，在改善儿童及青少年的 ADHD 症状方面，托莫西汀并不亚于速释型哌醋甲酯。[92]Wang Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, et al. Atomoxetine versus
methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry.
2007;41:222-230.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17464703?tool=bestpractice.com
对治疗的反应：高质量证据表明，采用渗透释放型口服哌醋甲酯进行治疗时，反应率明显优于采用托莫西汀进行的治疗。[93]Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically
released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:721-730.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05091676http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18281409?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
对治疗的反应：高质量证据表明，采用渗透释放型口服哌醋甲酯进行治疗时，反应率明显优于采用托莫西汀进行的治疗。[93]Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically
released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:721-730.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05091676http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18281409?tool=bestpractice.com
α-2-肾上腺素能激动剂与症状控制：存在中等质量证据；可乐定研究显示了 0.6 的中等效果量。[101]Connor DF, Fletcher KE, Swanson JM. A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:1551-1559.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10596256?tool=bestpractice.com在对 34 名同时患有 ADHD 和抽动障碍的儿童进行的胍法辛与安慰剂对比研究中，胍法辛显著改善了症状。[102]Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, et al. A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1067-1074.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1067http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11431228?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
α-2-肾上腺素能激动剂与症状控制：存在中等质量证据；可乐定研究显示了 0.6 的中等效果量。[101]Connor DF, Fletcher KE, Swanson JM. A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:1551-1559.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10596256?tool=bestpractice.com在对 34 名同时患有 ADHD 和抽动障碍的儿童进行的胍法辛与安慰剂对比研究中，胍法辛显著改善了症状。[102]Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, et al. A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1067-1074.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1067http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11431228?tool=bestpractice.com
安非他酮与安慰剂对比：中等质量证据表明，这种药物的患者耐受性不错，但其效果量小于兴奋剂药物。[109]Conners CK, Casat CD, Gualtieri CT, et al. Bupropion hydrochloride in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35;1314-1321.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8885585?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
安非他酮与安慰剂对比：中等质量证据表明，这种药物的患者耐受性不错，但其效果量小于兴奋剂药物。[109]Conners CK, Casat CD, Gualtieri CT, et al. Bupropion hydrochloride in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35;1314-1321.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8885585?tool=bestpractice.com
三环抗抑郁剂和症状控制：中等质量证据表明，三环抗抑郁剂可对 ADHD 的症状起到积极作用。[111]Biederman J, Spencer T. Non-stimulant treatments for ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9(suppl 1):I51-I59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11140780?tool=bestpractice.com随机分配到地昔帕明和安慰剂组的患者在行为改善方面表现出明显差异。[112]Biederman J, Baldessarini RJ, Wright V, et al. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: I. efficacy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28:777-784.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2676967?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
三环抗抑郁剂和症状控制：中等质量证据表明，三环抗抑郁剂可对 ADHD 的症状起到积极作用。[111]Biederman J, Spencer T. Non-stimulant treatments for ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9(suppl 1):I51-I59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11140780?tool=bestpractice.com随机分配到地昔帕明和安慰剂组的患者在行为改善方面表现出明显差异。[112]Biederman J, Baldessarini RJ, Wright V, et al. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: I. efficacy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28:777-784.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2676967?tool=bestpractice.com
