流行病学因地区、年龄和性别而异,大规模筛查研究提供最接近的值。对年龄为 50 至 79 岁的美国退伍军人的筛查研究发现,白人男性吸烟者中 AAA (AAA >3 cm) 患病率最高 (5.9%)。[10]Silverstein MD, Pitts SR, Chaikof EL, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): cost-effectiveness of screening, surveillance of intermediate-sized AAA, and management of symptomatic AAA. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2005 Oct;18(4):345-67.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1255946/ 男性患病率比女性高 4 到 6 倍。[1]Dehlin JM, Upchurch GR. Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Jun;7(2):119-30.[11]Singh K, Bønaa H, Jacobsen BK, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in a population-based study: The Tromsø Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Aug 1;154(3):236-44.https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/154/3/236/125840英国国民健康服务系统 (National Health Service) AAA 筛查项目中,受邀参与筛查的 65 岁男性中,当前患病率为 1.34% (AAA >2.9 cm)。[12]Jacomelli J, Summers L, Stevenson A, et al. Impact of the first 5 years of a national abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme. Br J Surg. 2016 Aug;103(9):1125-31.
报告女性筛查检测 AAA 研究的系统评价表明,AAA 的整体患病率随年龄(对于 >70 岁的女性为 >1%)和吸烟状况(对于曾吸烟女性为 >1%;对于当前吸烟者为 >2%)增加。[13]Ulug P, Powell JT, Sweeting MJ, et al; SWAN Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of the current prevalence of screen-detected abdominal aortic aneurysm in women. Br J Surg. 2016 Aug;103(9):1097-104.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bjs.10225/full男性年龄每增加十岁,动脉瘤的患病率大约增加 6%。[9]Zankl AR, Schumacher H, Krumsdorf U, et al. Pathology, natural history and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clin Res Cardiol. 2007 Mar;96(3):140-51.在 2014 年,美国有 9863 人死于 AAA。[14]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. Aortic aneurysm fact sheet. Jun 2016 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_aortic_aneurysm.htm
在英国,AAA 死亡人数从 1997 到 2009 年大幅下降,65 岁以上男性的死亡率从每 100,000 人口的 65.9 降至 44.6。[15]Anjum A, von Allmen R, Greenhalgh R, et al. Explaining the decrease in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Br J Surg. 2012 May;99(5):637-45.在所有年龄组中,AAA 破裂的住院率从每 100,000 人口的 18.6 降至 13.5。死亡率和住院率下降是因为吸烟率的下降以及老年组中进行择期 AAA 修复术的人数增加。[15]Anjum A, von Allmen R, Greenhalgh R, et al. Explaining the decrease in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Br J Surg. 2012 May;99(5):637-45.