对 65 岁男性进行 AAA 筛查显著降低 AAA 特定死亡率。[71]Wanhainen A, Hultgren R, Linné A, et al; Swedish Aneurysm Screening Study Group (SASS). Outcome of the Swedish Nationwide Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Program. Circulation. 2016 Oct 18;134(16):1141-8.
目前美国预防服务工作组 (US Preventive Services Task Force, USPSTF) 建议包括:[3]LeFevre ML; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Aug 19;161(4):281-90.http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/1883339/screening-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-u-s-preventive-services-task-force
USPSTF 的结论是,目前尚无充分证据来评估对有吸烟史的 65 至 75 岁女性进行 AAA 筛查的利弊平衡。[3]LeFevre ML; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Aug 19;161(4):281-90.http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/1883339/screening-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-u-s-preventive-services-task-force对于无吸烟史的女性,USPSTF 不建议进行 AAA 常规筛查。
从 2013 年开始,英国已开始对 65 岁及以上所有男性进行 AAA 常规筛查,而在英格兰则从 2009 年便已开始。[72]Public Health England. Population screening programmes: NHS abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) programme. Jul 2015 [internet publication].https://www.gov.uk/topic/population-screening-programmes/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm 筛查中以主动脉直径决定后续治疗途径:[73]Public Health England. Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: care pathway. Nov 2015 [internet publication].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-care-pathway
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 与主动脉直径相关的重复扫描间隔NHS 人群筛查:英格兰公共卫生局 (Public Health England) 诊疗路径 [Citation ends].
*欧洲指南建议在发现 AAA >5.5 cm 的 2 周内到血管外科医生处检查,以防间隔破裂。[74]Moll FL, Powell JT, Fraedrich G, et al; European Society for Vascular Surgery. Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms: clinical practice guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011 Jan;41 Suppl 1:S1-58.http://www.ejves.com/article/S1078-5884(10)00560-5/fulltext
一项针对 AAA 监测研究的 meta 分析表明,可安全实施比 UK AAA 筛查项目当前应用的更长的监测间隔,从而降低成本。[75]Thompson S, Brown L, Sweeting M, et al; RESCAN Collaborators. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the growth and rupture rates of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: implications for surveillance intervals and their cost-effectiveness. Health Technol Assess. 2013 Sep;17(41):1-118.https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta17410/#/abstract