应进行适当的免疫接种,包括接种流行性感冒和肺炎球菌疫苗。当患者每日接受的泼尼松龙 >20 mg 时,应预防其发生卡氏肺囊虫肺炎 (PJP)。[56]Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:5-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8538233?tool=bestpractice.com尽管巨细胞动脉炎患者很少发生卡氏肺囊虫肺炎,但它可引起严重的并发症,并且可能威胁生命。[57]Kermani TA, Ytterberg SR, Warrington KJ. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in giant cell arteritis: a case series. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:761-765.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21240966?tool=bestpractice.com
长期服用糖皮质激素时,为防止出现糖皮质激素引起的骨质流失,应联合使用以下药物:钙、维生素 D 及双膦酸盐。