BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 十月 2018
最近更新时间: 一月 2018

小结

定义

病史和查体

其他诊断因素

  • 口咽念珠菌病
  • 复发性细菌性肺炎
  • 体重减轻
  • 症状持续时间较长(HIV阳性患者)

危险因素

  • CD4细胞计数低于200个细胞/μl
  • 免疫功能低下
  • 长期使用糖皮质激素治疗
  • 先前的卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 胸部X线
  • 动脉血气
  • 血清LDH水平
  • 诱导痰
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 肺部高分辨率CT(HRCT)
  • 肺功能检查
  • 支气管镜检查和支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)
  • 活检
全部具体信息

新兴检查

  • PCR
  • 血浆S-腺苷蛋氨酸水平
  • 血清 (1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平
全部具体信息

治疗流程

贡献者

Alison Morris MD, MS

Professor of Medicine

Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

利益冲突披露
AM declares that she has no competing interests.
Eric Nolley MD

Fellow

Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

利益冲突披露
EN declares that he has no competing interests.

Dr Alison Morris and Dr Eric Nolley would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Matthew Gingo, a previous contributor to this monograph. MG declares that he has no competing interests.

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Associate Chief of Staff for Research

Cincinnati VA Medical Center

Professor of Medicine

University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati

OH

利益冲突披露
PDW declares that he has no competing interests.

Specialist Physician and Consultant

Toga Laboratory and Kimera Consultants

Edenvale

Johannesburg

South Africa

利益冲突披露
DS declares that he has no competing interests.

Infectious Diseases Physician

Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine

Faculty of Health Sciences

University of Cape Town

Observatory

South Africa

利益冲突披露
GM declares that he has no competing interests.

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