病毒性胃肠炎

Hall AJ, Vinjé J, Lopman B, et al. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011;60:1-18.

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Ball JM, Tian P, Zeng CQ, et al. Age-dependent diarrhea induced by a rotaviral nonstructural glycoprotein. Science. 1996;272:101-104.

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Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:23-33.

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Ruiz-Palacios GM, Perez-Schael I, Velazquez FR, et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:11-22.

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King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, et al. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Nov 21;52(RR-16):1-16.

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European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide. July 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu (last accessed 11 May 2016).

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Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, et al. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:839-844.

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Hübner NO, Hübner C, Wodny M, et al. Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand disinfectants in a public administration: impact on health and work performance related to acute respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:250.

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1.  Thielman NM, Guerrant RL. Clinical practice: acute infectious diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:38-47.

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4.  Deneen VC, Hunt JM, Paule CR, et al. The impact of foodborne calicivirus disease: the Minnesota experience. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(suppl 2):S281-283.

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5.  Fankhauser RL, Noel JS, Monroe SS, et al. Molecular epidemiology of "Norwalk-like viruses" in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:1571-1578.

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6.  Patel MM, Widdowson MA, Glass RI, et al. Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1224-1231.

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7.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Norovirus. December 2015.

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9.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rotavirus. August 2016.

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14.  Hall AJ, Vinjé J, Lopman B, et al. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011;60:1-18.

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• 摘要

15.  Ball JM, Tian P, Zeng CQ, et al. Age-dependent diarrhea induced by a rotaviral nonstructural glycoprotein. Science. 1996;272:101-104.

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16.  Fankhauser RL, Monroe SS, Noel JS, et al. Epidemiologic and molecular trends of "Norwalk-like viruses" associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2002.1;186:1-7.

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17.  Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:23-33.

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18.  Ruiz-Palacios GM, Perez-Schael I, Velazquez FR, et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:11-22.

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19.  Parashar UD, Alexander JP, Glass RI. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1-13.

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21.  Kaplan JE, Feldman R, Campbell DS, et al. The frequency of a Norwalk-like pattern of illness in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Am J Public Health. 1982;72:1329-1332.

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22.  Elliott EJ. Acute gastroenteritis in children. BMJ. 2007;334:35-40.

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23.  Gregorio GV, Gonzales ML, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 13;12:CD006519.

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24.  King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, et al. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Nov 21;52(RR-16):1-16.

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• 摘要

25.  European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide. July 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu (last accessed 11 May 2016).

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26.  Rossignol JF, El-Gohary YM. Nitazoxanide in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1423-1430.

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27.  Rossignol JF, Abu-Zekry M, Hussein A, et al. Effect of nitazoxanide for treatment of severe rotavirus diarrhoea: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:124-129.

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28.  Morris J, Brown W, Morris CL. Nitazoxanide is effective therapy for norovirus gastroenteritis after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Blood 2013;122:4581.

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29.  Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, et al. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(11):CD003048.

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30.  de Vrese M, Marteau PR. Probiotics and prebiotics: effects on diarrhea. J Nutr. 2007;137:(suppl 2):803-811.

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31.  Salari P, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. A meta-analysis and systematic review on the effect of probiotics in acute diarrhea. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2012;11:3-14.

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32.  Dinleyici EC, Eren M, Ozen M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for acute infectious diarrhea. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12:395-410.

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33.  Pedone CA, Bernabeu AO, Postaire ER, et al. The effect of supplementation with milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei (strain DN-114 001) on acute diarrhoea in children attending day care centres. Int J Clin Pract. 1999;53:179-184.

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34.  Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, et al. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:839-844.

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35.  Bhandari N, Bahl R, Taneja S, et al. Substantial reduction in severe diarrheal morbidity by daily zinc supplementation in young north Indian children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e86.

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36.  Szajewska H, Dziechciarz P, Mrukowicz J. Meta-analysis: smectite in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:217-227.

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37.  Khediri F, Mrad AI, Azzouz M, et al. Efficacy of diosmectite (smecta) in the treatment of acute watery diarrhoea in adults: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:783196.

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38.  Cortese MM, Parashar UD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1-25.

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39.  Hübner NO, Hübner C, Wodny M, et al. Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand disinfectants in a public administration: impact on health and work performance related to acute respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:250.

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• 摘要

40.  Health Protection Surveillance Centre (Ireland). Clinical features of viral gastroenteritis and advice about decontamination following sickness. http://www.ndsc.ie/ (last accessed 11 May 2016).

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