急性淋巴细胞性白血病 (acute lymphocytic leukaemia, ALL) 较罕见。急性淋巴细胞白血病的全球发病率为 3/100,000 人，其中约 75% 的病例发生在 6 岁以下的儿童中。[7]Grigoropoulos NF, Petter R, Van 't Veer MB, et al. Leukaemia update. Part 1: diagnosis and management. BMJ. 2013 Mar 28;346:f1660.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538920?tool=bestpractice.com 在年龄小于 5 岁的儿童群体中，ALL 发病率达到第一个高峰（5.3/100,000 人），然后 ALL 的发病率下降，直到在 35 岁左右达到第二个高峰（2/100,000 人），80-84 岁发病率达到第三个高峰（2.3/100,000 人）。[1]Pui CH, Relling MV, Downing JR. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 8;350(15):1535-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15071128?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Hoelzer D, Gökbuget N, Ottmann O, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2002 Jan;(1):162-92.http://asheducationbook.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/2002/1/162http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446423?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Jabbour EJ, Faderl S, Kantarjian HM. Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Nov;80(11):1517-27.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16295033?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Hernandez JA, Land KJ, McKenna RW. Leukemias, myeloma, and other lymphoreticular neoplasms. Cancer. 1995;75(suppl 1):381-94.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8001009?tool=bestpractice.com
据估计，在美国，2018 年约有 5960 例新发 ALL 病例，造成 1470 例死亡。[9]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21442http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313949?tool=bestpractice.com 这占到美国白血病约 10% 左右以及全部癌症约 0.34%。[9]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21442http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313949?tool=bestpractice.com ALL 可发生于任何年龄，但是更常在 20 岁以下的人群中被诊断。[10]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: leukemia - acute lymphyocytic leukemia (ALL). 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html 根据美国的数据，该病确诊时的中位年龄为 15 岁。[10]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: leukemia - acute lymphyocytic leukemia (ALL). 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html 白人的发病率大约是黑人的两倍（每 100,000 人中，男性分别是 2.1 人 vs 1.0 人，女性分别是 1.7 人 vs 0.9 人。）[10]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: leukemia - acute lymphyocytic leukemia (ALL). 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html 患者男女比约为 1.2:1.0。[9]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21442http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313949?tool=bestpractice.com
