CFS/ME 的患病率因研究人群、调查方法及确诊标准不同而不同。[29]Richman JA, Flaherty JA, Rospenda KM. Chronic fatigue syndrome: have flawed assumptions been derived from treatment-based studies? Am J Public Health. 1994 Feb;84(2):282-4.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1615008/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296954?tool=bestpractice.com 美国社区内成人的患病率估计为 0.007%~2.8%。[30]Jason LA, Richman JA, Rademaker AW, et al. A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Oct 11;159(18):2129-37.http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=415556http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527290?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Steele L, Dobbins JG, Fukuda K, et al. The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in San Francisco. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):83S-90S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790487?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Fukuda K, Dobbins JG, Wilson LJ, et al. An epidemiologic study of fatigue with relevance for the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):19-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9201644?tool=bestpractice.com 而在初级医疗保健机构中高达 3%。[33]Afari N, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;160(2):221-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562565?tool=bestpractice.com 类似地,英国 CFS/ME 的发病率为 0.11%-2.6%。[34]Wessely S, Chalder T, Hirsch S, et al. The prevalence and morbidity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective primary care study. Am J Public Health. 1997 Sep;87(9):1449-55.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380968/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9314795?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Nacul LC, Lacerda EM, Pheby D, et al. Prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in three regions of England: a repeated cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC Med. 2011 Jul 28;9:91.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170215/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21794183?tool=bestpractice.com 最低总体年发病率估计为 0.015%。一项 Meta 分析发现,使用自述与临床评估的方法时,CFS/ME 的患病率有显著差异(分别为 3.28% 和 0.76%)。[36]Johnston S, Brenu EW, Staines D, et al. The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/ myalgic encephalomyelitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5:105-10.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616604/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23576883?tool=bestpractice.com 青少年的 CFS/ME 患病率处于 0.003%-0.5% 之间。[37]Jones JF, Nisenbaum R, Solomon L, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome and other fatiguing illnesses in adolescents: a population based study. J Adolesc Health. 2004 Jul;35(1):34-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15193572?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Rimes KA, Goodman R, Hotopf M, et al. Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a prospective community study. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;119(3):e603-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332180?tool=bestpractice.com 女性 CFS/ME 的患病率是男性的 2-3 倍,[39]Wessely S. The epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Epidemiol Rev. 1995;17(1):139-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521932?tool=bestpractice.com 发病的高峰年龄是青少年期及 30-50 岁。[30]Jason LA, Richman JA, Rademaker AW, et al. A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Oct 11;159(18):2129-37.http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=415556http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527290?tool=bestpractice.com[40]International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomeyelitis: primer for clinical practitioners. 2014 [internet publication].http://iacfsme.org/portals/0/pdf/Primer_Post_2014_conference.pdf 在美国进行的社区调查发现,讲英语的美国白人患 CFS/ME 的风险低于拉丁美洲人、美国黑人或印第安人。[30]Jason LA, Richman JA, Rademaker AW, et al. A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Oct 11;159(18):2129-37.http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=415556http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527290?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Steele L, Dobbins JG, Fukuda K, et al. The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in San Francisco. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):83S-90S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790487?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Dinos S, Khoshaba B, Ashby D, et al. A systematic review of chronic fatigue, its syndromes and ethnicity: prevalence, severity, co-morbidity and coping. Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Dec;38(6):1554-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19349479?tool=bestpractice.com 英国进行的一项研究发现,在具有巴基斯坦血统的人中,CFS/ME 患病率是 3.5%(比值比 4.1;95% 置信区间:1.6-10.4),相比之下,白人为 0.8%。[42]Bhui KS, Dinos S, Ashby D, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome in an ethnically diverse population: the influence of psychosocial adversity and physical inactivity. BMC Med. 2011 Mar 21;9:26.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072345/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21418640?tool=bestpractice.com 因素分析表明,在 1994 年美国疾病预防控制中心“Fukuda”标准所定义 CFS 人群中,由加拿大共识标准定义的 ME 人群占 40% 至 60%。[3]Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, et al. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Dec 15;121(12):953-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7978722?tool=bestpractice.com[43]Maes M, Twisk FN, Johnson C. Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data. Psychiatry Res. 2012 Dec 30;200(2-3):754-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521895?tool=bestpractice.com