有学者提出肠病毒性胃炎是 CFS/ME 的一个原因,但尚未得到独立证实。[112]Chia J, Chia A, Voeller M, et al. Acute enterovirus infection followed by myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and viral persistence. J Clin Pathol. 2010 Feb;63(2):165-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828908?tool=bestpractice.com[113]Chia JK. The role of enterovirus in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Pathol. 2005 Nov;58(11):1126-32.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1770761/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254097?tool=bestpractice.com[114]Chia JK, Chia AY. Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach. J Clin Pathol. 2008 Jan;61(1):43-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872383?tool=bestpractice.com
曾零星报道过 Q 热、细小病毒和其他感染后出现 CFS/ME 的病例。[115]Attard L, Bonvicini F, Gelsomino F, et al. Paradoxical response to intravenous immunoglobulin in a case of Parvovirus B19-associated chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Virol. 2015 Jan;62:54-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25542471?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Zhang L, Gough J, Christmas D, et al. Microbial infections in eight genomic subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Clin Pathol. 2010 Feb;63(2):156-64.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921262/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19955554?tool=bestpractice.com[116]Limonard GJ, Peters JB, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, et al. Detailed analysis of health status of Q fever patients 1 year after the first Dutch outbreak: a case-control study. QJM. 2010 Dec;103(12):953-8.http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/12/953.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20802011?tool=bestpractice.com CFS/ME 也可能在急性莱姆病后出现。慢性莱姆病本身及其症状会与 CFS/ME 有所重叠,需要更多的机制方面数据和病理学数据来解释。
抗病毒药物仍未成功用于治疗范围广泛的 CFS/ME。[117]Wilson A, Hickie I, Lloyd A, et al. The treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: science and speculation. Am J Med. 1994 Jun;96(6):544-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8017453?tool=bestpractice.com[118]Kogelnik AM, Loomis K, Hoegh-Petersen M, et al. Use of valganciclovir in patients with elevated antibody titers against Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) who were experiencing central nervous system dysfunction including long-standing fatigue. J Clin Virol. 2006 Dec;37(suppl 1):S33-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276366?tool=bestpractice.com[119]Montoya JG, Kogelnik AM, Bhangoo M, et al. Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of valganciclovir in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Med Virol. 2013 Dec;85(12):2101-9.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.23713/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959519?tool=bestpractice.com
截至目前,尚无一致的证据支持大多数 CFS/ME 病例存在任何病毒或其他感染原。[33]Afari N, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;160(2):221-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562565?tool=bestpractice.com[44]Capelli E, Zola R, Lorusso L, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an update. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct-Dec;23(4):981-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21244747?tool=bestpractice.com