美国预防服务工作组 (US Preventive Services Task Force, USPSTF) 得出结论,目前尚无充分证据来权衡对非妊娠无症状成年人进行甲状腺功能异常筛查的风险与益处。[28]US Preventive Services Task Force. Thyroid dysfunction: screening. July 2015 [internet publication].http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/thyroid-dysfunction-screening 因为没有充分证据证明常规筛查可降低发病率或死亡率,美国甲状腺协会 (American Thyroid Association, ATA) 不建议也不反对进行常规筛查。[23]Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/thy.2015.0020http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26462967?tool=bestpractice.com 但是,对于所有已知患有甲状腺结节的患者,以及有甲状腺毒症体征或症状的患者,应当检测血清促甲状腺激素 (TSH) 水平。