慢性静脉功能不全

Eklof B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, et al. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:1248-1252.

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Gohel MS, Barwell JR, Taylor M, et al. Long term results of compression therapy alone versus compression plus surgery in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR): randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007;335:83.

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Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Smith PD, et al. Chronic venous disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:488-498.

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American College of Phlebology. Treatment of superficial venous disease of the lower leg. October 2014. http://www.phlebology.org/ (last accessed 7 May 2017).

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O'Donnell TF Jr., Passman MA, Marston WA, et al; Society for Vascular Surgery; American Venous Forum. Management of venous leg ulcers: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery ® and the American Venous Forum. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(2 Suppl):3S-59S.

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Raju S, Neglen P. Clinical practice: chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2319-2327.

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O'Meara S, Cullum NA, Nelson EA. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(11):CD000265.

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Musani MH, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, et al. Venous compression for prevention of postthrombotic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2010;123:735-740.

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1.  Eklof B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, et al. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:1248-1252.

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2.  Porter JM, Moneta GL. Reporting standards in venous disease: an update. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:635-645.

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3.  Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. 'Real' epidemiology of varicose veins and chronic venous diseases: the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project. Angiology. 2002;53:119-130.

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4.  Evans CJ, Fowkes FG, Ruckley CV, et al. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999;53:149-153.

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5.  Grey JE, Harding KG, Enoch S. Venous and arterial leg ulcers. BMJ. 2006;332:347-350.

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6.  Gohel MS, Barwell JR, Taylor M, et al. Long term results of compression therapy alone versus compression plus surgery in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR): randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007;335:83.

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7.  Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Smith PD, et al. Chronic venous disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:488-498.

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8.  Schulman S, Lindmarker P, Holmström M, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome, recurrence, and death 10 years after the first episode of venous thromboembolism treated with warfarin for 6 weeks or 6 months. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:734-742.

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9.  Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, Bergan J, et al. Risk factors for chronic venous disease: the San Diego Population Study. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:331-337.

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10.  Kahn SR, Ginsberg JS. The post-thrombotic syndrome: current knowledge, controversies, and directions for future research. Blood Rev. 2002;16:155-165.

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11.  Hull RD, Liang J, Townshend G. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin and the post-thrombotic syndrome: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2011;124:756-765.

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12.  Duque MI, Yosipovitch G, Chan YH, et al. Itch, pain, and burning sensation are common symptoms in mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency with an impact on quality of life. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:504-508.

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13.  Couzan S, Leizorovicz A, Laporte S, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of upward progressive versus degressive compressive stockings in patients with moderate to severe chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56:1344-1350.e1.

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14.  American College of Phlebology. Treatment of superficial venous disease of the lower leg. October 2014. http://www.phlebology.org/ (last accessed 7 May 2017).

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15.  O'Donnell TF Jr., Passman MA, Marston WA, et al; Society for Vascular Surgery; American Venous Forum. Management of venous leg ulcers: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery ® and the American Venous Forum. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(2 Suppl):3S-59S.

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16.  Raju S, Neglen P. Clinical practice: chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2319-2327.

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17.  Rutherford RB, Padberg FT Jr, Comerota AJ, et al. Venous severity scoring: an adjunct to venous outcome assessment. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:1307-1312.

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18.  Amsler F, Blättler W. Compression therapy for occupational leg symptoms and chronic venous disorders: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35:366-372.

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19.  Cohen JM, Akl EA, Kahn SR. Pharmacologic and compression therapies for postthrombotic syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2012;141:308-320.

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20.  Raju S, Hollis K, Neglen P. Use of compression stockings in chronic venous disease: patient compliance and efficacy. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:790-795.

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21.  O'Meara S, Cullum NA, Nelson EA. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(11):CD000265.

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22.  Franks PJ, Oldroyd MI, Dickson D, et al. Risk factors for leg ulcer recurrence: a randomized trial of two types of compression stocking. Age Ageing. 1995;24:490-494.

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23.  Musani MH, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, et al. Venous compression for prevention of postthrombotic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2010;123:735-740.

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24.  Prandoni P, Noventa F, Quintavalla R, et al. Thigh-length versus below-knee compression elastic stockings for prevention of the postthrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal-venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Blood. 2012;119:1561-1565.

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25.  Meissner MH, Eklof B, Smith PC, et al. Secondary chronic venous disorders. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(suppl S):68S-83S.

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26.  Jull A, Waters J, Arroll B. Pentoxifylline for treatment of venous leg ulcers: a systematic review. Lancet. 2002;359:1550-1554.

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27.  Coleridge-Smith P, Lok C, Ramelet AA. Venous leg ulcer: a meta-analysis of adjunctive therapy with micronized purified flavonoid fraction. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30:198-208.

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28.  Gohel MS, Davies AH. Pharmacological treatment in patients with C4, C5 and C6 venous disease. Phlebology. 2010;25 Suppl 1:35-41.

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29.  Pittler MH, Ernst E. Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(11):CD003230.

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30.  Barwell JR, Davies CE, Deacon J, et al. Comparison of surgery and compression with compression alone in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:1854-1859.

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31.  Nandhra S, El-sheikha J, Carradice D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus conventional surgery for small saphenous varicose veins. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:741-746.

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32.  Rathbun S, Norris A, Stoner J. Efficacy and safety of endovenous foam sclerotherapy: meta-analysis for treatment of venous disorders. Phlebology. 2012;27:105-117.

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33.  van den Bos R, Arends L, Kockaert M, et al. Endovenous therapies of lower extremity varicosities: a meta analysis. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49:230-239.

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34.  Tenbrook JA Jr, Iafrati MD, O'Donnell TF Jr, et al. Systematic review of outcomes after surgical management of venous disease incorporating subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:583-589.

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35.  Raju S. Endovenous treatment of patients with iliac-caval venous obstruction. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2008;49:27-33.

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36.  Masuda EM, Kistner RL. Long-term results of venous valve reconstruction: a four- to-twenty-one-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19:391-403.

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37.  Carpentier PH, Blaise S, Satger B, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluating balneotherapy in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:447-454.

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38.  Kirsner RS, Marston WA, Snyder RJ, et al. Spray-applied cell therapy with human allogeneic fibroblasts and keratinocytes for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers: a phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:977-985.

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39.  Perrin M, Ramelet AA. Pharmacological treatment of primary chronic venous disease: rationale, results and unanswered questions. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41:117-125.

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40.  Rabe E, Jaeger KA, Bulitta M, et al. Calcium dobesilate in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phlebology. 2011;26:162-168.

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41.  Rabe E, Stücker M, Esperester A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency - results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41:540-547.

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