脑膜炎球菌病

Klein JO. Management of the febrile child without a focus of infection in the era of universal pneumococcal immunization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:584-588.

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Hubert B, Caugant DA. Recent changes in meningococcal disease in Europe. Euro Surveill. 1997;2:69-71.

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World Health Organization. Emergence of W135 meningococcal disease. Report of a WHO consultation, Geneva 17-18 September 2001. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.

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Molesworth AM, Thomson MC, Connor SJ, et al. Where is the meningitis belt? Defining an area at risk of epidemic meningitis in Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002;96:242-249.

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Hart CA, Cuevas LE. Meningococcal disease in Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91:777-785.

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Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62:1-28.

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Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the United States, 1998-2007: implications for prevention of meningococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:184-191.

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Robinson CL, Romero JR, Kempe A, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:134-135.

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Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:136-138.

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Visintin C, Mugglestone MA, Fields EJ, et al. Management of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010;340:c3209.

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National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Meningococcal vaccine. In: Canadian immunization guide. 7th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada;2006:237-250.

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1.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease. In: Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. 5th ed. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.

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2.  Pollard AJ. Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease and vaccine efficacy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(12 suppl):S274-S279.

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3.  Klein JO. Management of the febrile child without a focus of infection in the era of universal pneumococcal immunization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:584-588.

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4.  Hubert B, Caugant DA. Recent changes in meningococcal disease in Europe. Euro Surveill. 1997;2:69-71.

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5.  World Health Organization. Emergence of W135 meningococcal disease. Report of a WHO consultation, Geneva 17-18 September 2001. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.

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6.  Molesworth AM, Thomson MC, Connor SJ, et al. Where is the meningitis belt? Defining an area at risk of epidemic meningitis in Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002;96:242-249.

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7.  Hart CA, Cuevas LE. Meningococcal disease in Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91:777-785.

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8.  Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62:1-28.

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9.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease: technical & clinical information. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 10 March 2017).

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10.  Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the United States, 1998-2007: implications for prevention of meningococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:184-191.

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11.  Rosenstein NE, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, et al. Meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1378-1388.

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14.  Maiden MC, Bygraves JA, Feil E, et al. Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:3140-3145.

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15.  Tzeng YL, Stephens DS. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis. Microbes Infect. 2000;2:687-700.

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17.  Brandtzaeg P, Kierulf P, Gaustad P, et al. Plasma endotoxin as a predictor of multiple organ failure and death in systemic meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis. 1989;159:195-204.

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20.  Platonov AE, Vershinina IV, Kuijper EJ, et al. Long term effects of vaccination of patients deficient in a late complement component with a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Vaccine. 2003;21:4437-4447.

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21.  Bruce MG, Rosenstein NE, Capparella JM, et al. Risk factors for meningococcal disease in college students. JAMA. 2001;286:688-693.

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22.  Neal KR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Jeffrey N, et al. Changing carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis among university students during the first week of term: cross sectional study. BMJ. 2000;320:846-849.

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23.  World Health Organization. Global Alert and Response (GAR): meningococcal disease. http://www.who.int (last accessed 10 March 2017).

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24.  Fischer M, Hedberg K, Cardosi P, et al. Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16:979-983.

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25.  Moore PS, Hierholzer J, DeWitt W, et al. Respiratory viruses and mycoplasma as cofactors for epidemic group A meningococcal meningitis. JAMA. 1990;264:1271-1275.

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26.  Thompson MJ, Ninis N, Perera R, et al. Clinical recognition of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents. Lancet. 2006;367:397-403.

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28.  Folaranmi T, Rubin L, Martin SW, et al. Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in persons aged ≥10 years at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:608-612.

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29.  Robinson CL, Romero JR, Kempe A, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:134-135.

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30.  Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:136-138.

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31.  MacNeil JR, Rubin L, Folaranmi T, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in adolescents and young adults: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:1171-1176.

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32.  Curtis S, Stobart K, Vandermeer B, et al. Clinical features suggestive of meningitis in children: a systematic review of prospective data. Pediatrics. 2010;126:952-960.

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33.  American Academy of Pediatrics. Meningococcal infections. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, et al, eds. Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 29th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012:500-508.

34.  Bryant PA, Li HY, Zaia A, et al. Prospective study of a real-time PCR that is highly sensitive, specific, and clinically useful for diagnosis of meningococcal disease in children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:2919-2925.

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35.  Nadel S, Kroll JS. Diagnosis and management of meningococcal disease: the need for centralized care. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007;31:71-83.

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36.  Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1267-1284.

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37.  Straus SE, Thorpe KE, Holroyd-Leduc J. How do I perform a lumbar puncture and analyze the results to diagnose bacterial meningitis? JAMA. 2006;296:2012-2022.

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38.  Rennick G, Shann F, de Campo J. Cerebral herniation during bacterial meningitis in children. BMJ. 1993;306:953-955.

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41.  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and management. June 2015. http://guidance.nice.org.uk (last accessed 10 March 2017).

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42.  De Gaudio M, Chiappini E, Galli L, et al. Therapeutic management of bacterial meningitis in children: a systematic review and comparison of published guidelines from a European perspective. J Chemother. 2010;22:226-237.

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43.  European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Public health management of sporadic cases of invasive meningococcal disease and their contacts. October 2010. http://ecdc.europa.eu (last accessed 10 March 2017).

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44.  Visintin C, Mugglestone MA, Fields EJ, et al. Management of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010;340:c3209.

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45.  Brouwer MC, McIntyre P, Prasad K, et al. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD004405.

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46.  van de Beek D, Farrar JJ, de Gans J, et al. Adjunctive dexamethasone in bacterial meningitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:254-263.

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47.  Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, et al. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2013. 43rd ed. Sperryville, VA: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc; 2013.

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49.  Kuppermann N, Malley R, Inkelis SH, et al. Clinical and hematologic features do not reliably identify children with unsuspected meningococcal disease. Pediatrics. 1999;103:E20.

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50.  Brooks R, Woods CW, Benjamin DK Jr., et al. Increased case-fatality rate associated with outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis infection, compared with sporadic meningococcal disease, in the United States, 1994-2002. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:49-54.

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51.  Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Fraser A, Gafter-Gvili A, et al. Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD004785.

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52.  National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Meningococcal vaccine. In: Canadian immunization guide. 7th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada;2006:237-250.

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