根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)的调查,AMD是导致视力功能受损的第3位原因,全世界致盲的患病率接近9%。[5]World Health Organization. Visual impairment and blindness. August 2014. http://www.who.int (last accessed 26 September 2017).http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/在1758名年龄≥35岁的日本人中进行调查显示,有3.5%存在早期AMD,0.5%存在晚期AMD。[6]Kawasaki, R, Wang JJ, Ji GJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata study. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:1376-1381.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222000?tool=bestpractice.com瑞士一项研究预测,AMD 将成为一个日益增长的健康问题,由 2005 年的 37,200 例到 2050 年上升至大约 93,200 例。[7]Bauer P, Barthelmes D, Kurz M, et al. The potential effect of population development, smoking and antioxidant supplementation on the future epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration in Switzerland. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2008;225:376-379.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454376?tool=bestpractice.com加拿大一项研究指出,AMD 与抑郁和骨折风险增加有关,强调需要早期诊断。[8]Tournier, M, Moride Y, Lesk, M, et al. The depletion of susceptibles effect in the assessment of burden-of-illness: the example of age-related macular degeneration in the community-dwelling elderly population of Quebec. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;15:e22-e35.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579928?tool=bestpractice.com
目前估计美国大约有700万人患中期AMD,175万人患晚期AMD。[9]Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Congdon NG, et al; Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Potential public health impact of Age-Related Eye Disease Study results: AREDS report no. 11. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1621-1624.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14609922?tool=bestpractice.com尽管多数人(约80%)为地图样萎缩,新生血管性AMD仍然是严重视力丧失的主要原因。[10]Ferris FL 3rd, Fine SL, Hyman L. Age-related macular degeneration and blindness due to neovascular maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:1640-1642.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208888?tool=bestpractice.com疾病及其相关表现的发生率随年龄增加而提高,在年龄<55岁人群中较低。[11]Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, et al. Ten-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1767-1779.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12359593?tool=bestpractice.com几项研究已表明晚期AMD在欧洲人中比非洲人、西班牙人和亚洲人更为普遍。[12]Friedman DS, Katz J, Bressler NM, et al. Racial differences in the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration: the Baltimore Eye Survey. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1049-1055.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10366070?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Wong WL, Su X, Li X, et al. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:e106-e116.http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(13)70145-1/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104651?tool=bestpractice.com