主要自发于 10 几岁至 60 岁的年龄段的人群。 在女性中更常见,且常见于存在过伸性损伤、重复性劳损(如与工作相关的)以及外部压迫因素(如姿势不良)的人群。 常与机动车撞击,在办公桌 / 电脑前长时间工作或过度劳作等因素相关。 也可能影响训练过度的运动员(如游泳、网球选手)。 还可能发生于儿童和青少年,该群体通常被称为早发型胸廓出口综合征患者。[5]Wilbourn AJ. Thoracic outlet syndromes. Neurol Clin. 1999;17:477-497.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10393750?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Demondion X, Herbinet P, Van Sint Jan S, et al. Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Radiographics. 2006;26:1735-1750.http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.266055079http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17102047?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Ferrante MA. The thoracic outlet syndromes. Muscle Nerve. 2012;45:780-795.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22581530?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Nichols AW. Diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009;8:240-249.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741351?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Chang K, Graf E, Davis K, et al. Spectrum of thoracic outlet syndrome presentation in adolescents. Arch Surg. 2011;146:1383-1387.http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1107261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184299?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Caputo FJ, Wittenberg AM, Vemuri C, et al. Supraclavicular decompression for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in adolescent and adult populations. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:149-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23127984?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Maru S, Dosluoglu H, Dryjski M, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome in children and young adults. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:560-564.http://www.ejves.com/article/S1078-5884(09)00339-6/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703780?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Stewman C, Vitanzo PC Jr, Harwood MI. Neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome: summarizing a complex history and evolution. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014;13:100-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614423?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Vanti C, Natalini L, Romeo A, et al. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: a review of the literature. Eura Medicophys. 2007;43:55-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16955064?tool=bestpractice.com