扁桃体炎

Shaikh N, Swaminathan N, Hooper EG, et al. Accuracy and precision of the signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2012 Mar;160(3):487-93.

• 摘要

Aalbers J, O'Brien KK, Chan WS, et al. Predicting streptococcal pharyngitis in adults in primary care: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs and validation of the Centor score. BMC Med. 2011 Jun 1;9:67

• 全文
• 摘要

Altamimi S, Khalil A, Khalaiwi KA, et al. Short-term late-generation antibiotics versus longer term penicillin for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8):CD004872.

• 全文
• 摘要

Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(11):CD000023.

• 全文
• 摘要

Burton MJ, Glasziou PP, Chong LY, et al. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD001802.

• 全文
• 摘要

Windfuhr JP, Toepfner N, Steffen G, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis II. Surgical management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr;273(4):989-1009.

• 摘要

Chang BA, Thamboo A, Burton MJ, et al. Needle aspiration versus incision and drainage for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 23;(12):CD006287.

• 全文
• 摘要

1.  Gwaltney JM Jr, Bisno AL. Pharyngitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:656-62.

2.  BMJ Clinical Evidence. Recurrent throat infections (tonsillitis). http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com (last accessed 8 August 2014).

• 全文

3.  National Center for Health Statistics. National ambulatory medical care survey: 1998 summary. July 2000. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ (last accessed 8 August 2016).

• 全文

4.  Komaroff AL, Pass TM, Aronson MD, et al. The prediction of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults. J Gen Intern Med. 1986 Jan-Feb;1(1):1-7.

• 摘要

5.  Kaplan EL, Top FH Jr, Dudding BA, et al. Diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis: differentiation of active infection from the carrier state in the symptomatic child. J Infect Dis. 1971;123:490-501.

• 摘要

6.  Schroeder BM. Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:880-884.

• 全文
• 摘要

7.  Wald ER, Green MD, Schwartz B, et al. A streptococcal score card revisited. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998 Apr;14(2):109-11.

• 摘要

8.  Meier FA, Centor RM, Graham L Jr, et al. Clinical and microbiological evidence for endemic pharyngitis among adults due to group C streptococci. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Apr;150(4):825-9.

• 摘要

9.  Snellman LW, Stang HJ, Stang JM, et al. Duration of positive throat cultures for group A streptococci after initiation of antibiotic therapy. Pediatrics. 1993;91:1166-1170.

• 摘要

10.  Shaikh N, Swaminathan N, Hooper EG, et al. Accuracy and precision of the signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2012 Mar;160(3):487-93.

• 摘要

11.  Aalbers J, O'Brien KK, Chan WS, et al. Predicting streptococcal pharyngitis in adults in primary care: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs and validation of the Centor score. BMC Med. 2011 Jun 1;9:67

• 全文
• 摘要

12.  Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, et al. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 1995 Oct;96(4 Pt 1):758-64.

• 摘要

13.  Dagnelie CF, Bartelink ML, van der Graaf Y, et al. Towards a better diagnosis of throat infections (with group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus) in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 998 Feb;48(427):959-62.

• 全文
• 摘要

14.  Hersh AL, Jackson MA, Hicks LA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Principles of judicious antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2013 Dec;132(6):1146-54.

• 全文
• 摘要

15.  Baron EJ, Miller JM, Weinstein MP, et al. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2013 recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;57(4):e22-e121.

• 全文
• 摘要

16.  Ebell MH. Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Oct 1;70(7):1279-87.

• 全文
• 摘要

17.  Gahleitner C, Hofauer B, Stark T, et al. Predisposing factors and management of complications in acute tonsillitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Sep;136(9):964-8.

• 摘要

18.  Centor RM, Witherspoon JM, Dalton HP, et al. The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room. Med Decis Making. 1981;1:239.

• 摘要

19.  Thomas M, Del Mar C, Glasziou P. How effective are treatments other than antibiotics for acute sore throat? Br J Gen Pract. 2000 Oct;50(459):817-20.

• 全文
• 摘要

20.  Schachtel BP, McCabe D, Berger M, et al. Efficacy of low-dose celecoxib in patients with acute pain. J Pain. 2011 Jul;12(7):756-63.

• 摘要

21.  de Mey C, Peil H, Kölsch S, et al. Efficacy and safety of ambroxol lozenges in the treatment of acute uncomplicated sore throat. EBM-based clinical documentation. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008;58(11):557-68.

• 摘要

22.  McNally D, Simpson M, Morris C, et al. Rapid relief of acute sore throat with AMC/DCBA throat lozenges: randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract. 2010 Jan;64(2):194-207.

• 摘要

23.  Altamimi S, Khalil A, Khalaiwi KA, et al. Short-term late-generation antibiotics versus longer term penicillin for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8):CD004872.

• 全文
• 摘要

24.  Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(11):CD000023.

• 全文
• 摘要

25.  van Driel ML, De Sutter AI, Habraken H, et al. Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 11;(9):CD004406.

• 全文
• 摘要

26.  ESCMID Sore Throat Guideline Group, Pelucchi C, Grigoryan L, et al. Guideline for the management of acute sore throat. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Apr;18(suppl 1):1-28.

• 摘要

27.  Casey JR, Pichichero ME. Meta-analysis of cephalosporin versus penicillin treatment of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children. Pediatrics. 2004 Apr;113(4):866-82.

• 摘要

28.  Mullarkey C. Soothing a sore throat: the efficacy and safety of steroids in acute pharyngitis. Ir J Med Sci. 2011 Dec;180(4):837-40.

• 摘要

29.  O'Brien JF, Meade JL, Falk JL. Dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy for severe acute pharyngitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Feb;22(2):212-5.

• 摘要

30.  Hayward G, Thompson M, Heneghan C, et al. Corticosteroids for pain relief in sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009 Aug 6;339:b2976.

• 全文
• 摘要

31.  Hayward GN, Hay AD, Moore MV, et al. Effect of oral dexamethasone without immediate antibiotics vs placebo on acute sore throat in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Apr 18;317(15):1535-43.

• 全文
• 摘要

32.  Sadeghirad B, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R, et al. Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017 Sep 20;358:j3887.

• 全文
• 摘要

33.  Shulman ST1, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 15;55(10):e86-102.

• 全文
• 摘要

34.  Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO, et al. Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2017 Feb;139(2). pii: e20163490.

• 全文
• 摘要

35.  Burton MJ, Glasziou PP, Chong LY, et al. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD001802.

• 全文
• 摘要

36.  Baugh RF, Archer SM, Mitchell RB, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Jan;144(suppl 1):S1-30.

• 全文
• 摘要

37.  Lock C, Wilson J, Steen N, et al. North of England and Scotland Study of Tonsillectomy and Adeno-tonsillectomy in Children(NESSTAC): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial with a parallel non-randomised preference study. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Mar;14(13):1-164, iii-iv.

• 摘要

38.  Koskenkorva T, Koivunen P, Koskela M, et al. Short-term outcomes of tonsillectomy in adult patients with recurrent pharyngitis: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2013 May 14;185(8):E331-6.

• 全文
• 摘要

39.  Kim JS, Kwon SH, Lee EJ, et al. Can intracapsular tonsillectomy be an alternative to classical tonsillectomy? A meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Aug;157(2):178-89.

• 全文
• 摘要

40.  Windfuhr JP, Toepfner N, Steffen G, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis II. Surgical management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr;273(4):989-1009.

• 摘要

41.  Siempos II, Dimopoulos G, Falagas ME. Meta-analyses on the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Jun;23(2):331-53.

• 摘要

42.  Gregori G, Righi O, Risso P, et al. Reduction of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngo-tonsillar infections associated with use of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: a retrospective observational study. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016;12:87-92.

• 全文
• 摘要

43.  Gilbey P, Livshits L, Sharabi-Nov A, et al. Probiotics in addition to antibiotics for the treatment of acute tonsillitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34:1011-1015.

• 摘要

44.  Klug TE, Rusan M, Fuursted K, et al. Peritonsillar abscess: complication of acute tonsillitis or Weber's glands infection? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Aug;155(2):199-207.

• 摘要

45.  Chang BA, Thamboo A, Burton MJ, et al. Needle aspiration versus incision and drainage for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 23;(12):CD006287.

• 全文
• 摘要

46.  World Health Organization. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, 29 October-1 November 2001. 2004 [internet publication].

• 全文

47.  Shulman ST. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococci (PANDAS): update. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009 Feb;21(1):127-30.

• 摘要

48.  Dagnelie CF, Bartelink ML, van der Graaf Y, et al. Towards a better diagnosis of throat infections (with group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus) in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 998 Feb;48(427):959-62.

• 全文
• 摘要