使用复方口服避孕药可减少一生当中的排卵次数,阻止引发卵泡发生的促性腺激素周期性升高。不仅降低卵巢囊肿的发生率,用药还会使卵巢癌的相对风险降低 40%。[20]Kumle M, Weiderpass E, Braaten T, et al. Risk for invasive and borderline epithelial ovarian neoplasias following use of hormonal contraceptives: the Norwegian-Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1386-1391.http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v90/n7/full/6601715a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054460?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al; Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008;371:303-314.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294997?tool=bestpractice.com长期使用(15 年或更长时间)可使卵巢癌风险降低 90%。[20]Kumle M, Weiderpass E, Braaten T, et al. Risk for invasive and borderline epithelial ovarian neoplasias following use of hormonal contraceptives: the Norwegian-Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1386-1391.http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v90/n7/full/6601715a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054460?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al; Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008;371:303-314.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294997?tool=bestpractice.com不建议所有女性使用口服避孕药作为一级预防策略,但对于选择使用口服避孕药的女性,预防囊肿也是一项获益。
尽管不建议采用预防性卵巢切除术预防良性卵巢囊肿,但已知有 BRCA-1 或 BRCA-2 突变或 Lynch II 综合征女性,或因良性病因接受子宫切除术的绝经后女性,可以接受这种手术。[10]Chen MJ, Yang JH, Yang YS, et al. Increased occurrence of tubo-ovarian abscesses in women with stage III and IV endometriosis. Fert Steril. 2004;82:498-499.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302314?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Kauff ND, Satagopan JM, Robson ME, et al. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with a BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation. New Engl J Med. 2002;346:1609-1615.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa020119#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023992?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Piver MS. Prophylactic oophorectomy: reducing the U.S. death rate from epithelial ovarian cancer: a continuing debate. Oncologist. 1996;1:326-330.http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/1/5/326.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388011?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al. Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1616-1622.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012158#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023993?tool=bestpractice.com