在健康的初孕妇中,没有已知的预防流产策略。在有严重内科、外科或其他相关疾病的初孕妇中,预防流产的概念难以定义。健康教育活动可能减少有害的母体暴露和自然流产的风险。[55]Agnesi R, Valentini F, Fedeli U, et al. Maternal exposures and risk of spontaneous abortion before and after a community oriented health education campaign. Eur J Public Health. 2011;21:282-285.http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/282.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534692?tool=bestpractice.com关于妊娠早期服用维生素和卧床休息预防流产、死产或其他母体和婴儿结局方面,没有充分证据。然而,Cochrane 综述显示,与仅服用铁和叶酸的女性相比,服用多种维生素联合铁和叶酸的女性死胎风险降低。[56]Balogun OO, da Silva Lopes K, Ota E, et al. Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD004073.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004073.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27150280?tool=bestpractice.com[57]Aleman A, Althabe F, Belizán JM, et al. Bed rest during pregnancy for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD003576.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846669?tool=bestpractice.com