在胃肠炎情况下,早期给予口服补液溶液 (oral rehydration solution, ORS) 对防止发展为容量不足非常有效,特别是当少量多次给予时。[8]King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, et al. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Nov 21;52(RR-16):1-16.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5216a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14627948?tool=bestpractice.com[9]World Health Organization. The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers, 4th rev. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2005.http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2005/9241593180.pdf ORS 显著降低了一些家庭和社会机构内腹泻相关死亡率。[10]Munos MK, Walker CL, Black RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(suppl 1):i75-i87.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845864/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20348131?tool=bestpractice.com 对于剧烈运动的运动员,特别是在高环境温度和湿度的情况下进行运动,预先补水和频繁摄入电解质补充溶液可以代偿水分的流失,防止容量不足。[11]Coris EE, Ramirez AM, Van Durme DJ. Heat illness in athletes: the dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise. Sports Med. 2004;34:9-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715036?tool=bestpractice.com