英国胸科学会 (British Thoracic Society);美国国立卫生研究院全国心脏、肺和血液研究所 (National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health)[2]National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. July 2007. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ (last accessed 18 August 2016).http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/guidelines/current/asthma-guidelines/full-report.htm[43]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. Oct 2014. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 18 August 2016).http://sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN141.pdf
美国和英国现行相关指南中列出如下标准。[2]National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. July 2007. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ (last accessed 18 August 2016).http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/guidelines/current/asthma-guidelines/full-report.htm[43]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. Oct 2014. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 18 August 2016).http://sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN141.pdf
针对怀疑患有哮喘的儿童的初始评估应集中在病史和临床查体中是否存在重要的特征,以及需要认真考虑其他诊断。对哮喘诊断产生怀疑的依据应该被记录下来。结构化问卷可以为记录临床症状和哮喘诊断依据提供更标准的方法。
1. 罹患哮喘可能性高的儿童:
2. 罹患哮喘可能性低的儿童:
3. 对于罹患哮喘可能性中等且可进行肺量测定法以及有气道阻塞证据的儿童,给予可逆性试验和/或尝试一段时间的治疗:
4. 对于罹患哮喘中等概率且可进行肺量测定法以及没有气道阻塞证据的儿童,可考虑对其特应性状态、支气管扩张可逆性进行检测,并且如果可能,可使用乙酰甲胆碱或运动进行气道高反应性检测。
5. 对于罹患哮喘中等概率且不能进行肺量测定法的儿童,应考虑进行特应性状态检测且尝试一段时间的治疗: