教育是儿童哮喘管理的基本组成部分。对家长及大龄儿童的教育应包括具体治疗内容，例如药物最佳使用技巧的训练、吸入技术检查以及个性化书面哮喘管理计划。自我管理教育策略可改善患者哮喘结局，包括降低并发症发生率。[181]Wolf FM, Guevara JP, Grum CM, et al. Educational interventions for asthma in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(4):CD000326.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000326/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535395?tool=bestpractice.com 应同时对患儿及其照护者进行教育。以学校为基础的监管、社区健康工作者的家庭访视结合父母指导者指导已被证明可以改善哮喘患者的结局；[183]Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Closing the quality gap: a critical analysis of quality improvement strategies. Volume 5 - asthma care. January 2007. http://www.ahrq.gov (last accessed 18 August 2016).http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/evidence-based-reports/asthmgaptp.html[273]Krieger J, Takaro TK, Song L, et al. A randomized controlled trial of asthma self-management support comparing clinic-based nurses and in-home community health workers: the Seattle-King County Healthy Homes II Project. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:141-149.http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=380846http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188646?tool=bestpractice.com[274]Flores G, Bridon C, Torres S, et al. Improving asthma outcomes in minority children: a randomized, controlled trial of parent mentors. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1522-1532.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948624?tool=bestpractice.com[275]Gerald LB, McClure LA, Mangan JM, et al. Increasing adherence to inhaled steroid therapy among schoolchildren: randomized, controlled trial of school-based supervised asthma therapy. Pediatrics. 2009;123:466-474.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782792/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19171611?tool=bestpractice.com 这种干预也具有成本效益。[276]Campbell JD, Brooks M, Hosokawa P, et al. Community health worker home visits for Medicaid-enrolled children with asthma: effects on asthma outcomes and costs. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:2366-2372.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26270287?tool=bestpractice.com 给医生提供依从性信息并不能改善患儿父母和成人哮喘患者的依从性。[277]Williams LK, Peterson EL, Wells K, et al. A cluster-randomized trial to provide clinicians inhaled corticosteroid adherence information for their patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:225-231.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20569973?tool=bestpractice.com 然而，当他们收到短信时，[278]Petrie KJ, Perry K, Broadbent E, et al. A text message programme designed to modify patients' illness and treatment beliefs improves self-reported adherence to asthma preventer medication. Br J Health Psychol. 2012;17:74-84.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107110?tool=bestpractice.com 或者当临床医生关注并查看其药物依从性细节时，患者的依从性可能会有所改善。[277]Williams LK, Peterson EL, Wells K, et al. A cluster-randomized trial to provide clinicians inhaled corticosteroid adherence information for their patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:225-231.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20569973?tool=bestpractice.com 有针对性的互动式网站也可提高依从性。[279]Christakis DA, Garrison MM, Lozano P, et al. Improving parental adherence with asthma treatment guidelines: a randomized controlled trial of an interactive website. Acad Pediatr. 2012;12:302-311.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22694878?tool=bestpractice.com 基于症状（而非 PEF）的书面哮喘管理计划可以减少急性发作的发生率。[184]Zemek RL, Bhogal SK, Ducharme FM. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining written action plans in children: what is the plan? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162:157-163.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/379087http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250241?tool=bestpractice.com[185]Wensley D, Silverman M. Peak flow monitoring for guided self-management in childhood asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:606-612.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200307-1025OC#.U_c-z_ldU9Ihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15184205?tool=bestpractice.com 来自患者有相同种群的医务工作者可能对哮喘管理有好处。[186]McCallum GB, Morris PS, Brown N, Chang AB. Culture-specific programs for children and adults from minority groups who have asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 22;8:CD006580.http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006580.pub5/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28828760?tool=bestpractice.comNHLBI lung diseases information page 在青少年中，以网络为基础的哮喘管理系统可能改善哮喘的管理。[280]Joseph CL, Ownby DR, Havstad SL, et al; Research team members. Evaluation of a web-based asthma management intervention program for urban teenagers: reaching the hard to reach. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52:419-426.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299008?tool=bestpractice.com 在初级医疗保健中，使用“具有风险”哮喘注册系统可以减少住院率，增加推荐预防性治疗的处方量，而不增加费用，但总体上对急性发作频率没有影响。[281]Smith JR, Noble MJ, Musgrave S, et al. The at-risk registers in severe asthma (ARRISA) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial examining effectiveness and costs in primary care. Thorax. 2012;67:1052-1060.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941976?tool=bestpractice.com 应鼓励处于哮喘稳定状态的患者参加体育锻炼。[168]Carson KV, Chandratilleke MG, Picot J, et al. Physical training for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(9):CD001116.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001116.pub4/full
