尽管缺乏确定性证据,肥胖、体力活动受限、不良饮食以及吸烟可能会增加大便失禁的风险。避免这些危险因素可能有帮助。产后第一年可通过盆底肌锻炼有效预防及逆转妊娠相关的大便失禁。由于现有证据质量较差,尚不确定产前或产后盆底肌训练是否能有效预防和逆转妊娠相关的大便失禁。然而,有证据表明,接受盆腔手术后可有短期获益。[15]Landefeld CS, Bowers BJ, Feld AD, et al. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: prevention of fecal and urinary incontinence in adults. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Mar 18;148(6):449-58.http://www.annals.org/content/148/6/449.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18268289?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Woodley SJ, Boyle R, Cody JD, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(12):CD007471.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007471.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29271473?tool=bestpractice.com 对于一些伴随疾病,比如糖尿病,进行有效控制,可以减少大便失禁的发生。一些干预措施需要被淘汰(比如,女性会阴切开术的常规使用、侧向括约肌切开术的随意使用、肛门括约肌拉伸)。目前认为剖宫产并不能减少大便失禁的发生。[17]Norton C, Whitehead WE, Bliss DZ, et al; Conservative Management of Fecal Incontinence in Adults Committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence. Management of fecal incontinence in adults. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):199-206.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025031?tool=bestpractice.com