案例
43岁中年男性,既往有轻度溃疡性结肠炎病史,常规实验室检查提示血清碱性磷酸酶升高,转氨酶轻度升高,胆红素水平正常。主诉乏力及上腹部疼痛。否认皮肤瘙痒及发热。无特异阳性体格检查。
其他表现
约一半的患者有临床症状。包括皮肤瘙痒,上腹部疼痛,乏力和/或间歇性黄疸。[4]Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1929-1930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188211?tool=bestpractice.com
越来越多的患者是通过常规体检发现转氨酶升高而进一步诊断PSC的。[2]Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, et al. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1042-1049.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313496?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1364-1369.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14598252?tool=bestpractice.com伴有重叠自身免疫性肝炎比单纯PSC患者转氨酶升高更明显(ALT 357IU/L比83.7IU/L)及高免疫球蛋白血症(25.6g/L比12.9g/L)。
临床表现及生化检查突然加重的患者可能存在胆总管的狭窄或胆管癌等PSC的并发症。少数患者以腹水(2%)、静脉曲张破裂出血(3%)[6]Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037993?tool=bestpractice.com或细菌性胆管炎(6%)[2]Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, et al. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1042-1049.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313496?tool=bestpractice.com等终末期肝病并发症起病。诊断该病时已有超过36%的患者出现胆总管狭窄。[6]Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037993?tool=bestpractice.com