PSC是一种少见病,但其发病率及患病率与不同地区相关。美国、英国及挪威的人群患病率为13/100 000。[5]Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1364-1369.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14598252?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1929-1930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188211?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33:99-103.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9489916?tool=bestpractice.com而在亚洲及南欧较少见。[8]Escorsell A, Pares A, Rodes J, et al. Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain. Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 1994;21:787-791.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7890895?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Takikawa H. Characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan. Hepatol Res. 2007;37:S470-S473.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17931205?tool=bestpractice.com男性发病多与女性,男女发病比例为2:1,[4]Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1929-1930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188211?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1364-1369.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14598252?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Bergquist A, Said K, Broome U. Changes over a 20-year period in the clinical presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:88-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190768?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037993?tool=bestpractice.com任何年龄均可发病(包括儿童[3]Feldstein AE, Perrault J, El-Youssif M, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2003;38:210-217.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12830004?tool=bestpractice.com),但多发生于40-50岁年龄段人群,PSC诊断时的平均年龄为40岁。[4]Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1929-1930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188211?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1364-1369.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14598252?tool=bestpractice.com
小胆管PSC(占3%至16%)较大胆管PSC(典型的)更少见。[2]Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, et al. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1042-1049.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313496?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Bergquist A, Said K, Broome U. Changes over a 20-year period in the clinical presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:88-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190768?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037993?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Angulo P, Maor-Kendler Y, Lindor K. Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2002;35:1494-1500.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029635?tool=bestpractice.com儿童发生PSC-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征比成人更常见,发病率分别为35%和10%。[2]Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, et al. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1042-1049.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313496?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Feldstein AE, Perrault J, El-Youssif M, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2003;38:210-217.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12830004?tool=bestpractice.com伴有重叠自身免疫性肝炎发病年龄更年轻(平均年龄为21.4岁,而单纯PSC的发病年龄为32.3岁)。
约三分之二的PSC患者都伴有炎症性肠病(典型的溃疡性结肠炎)。[4]Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1929-1930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188211?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Bergquist A, Said K, Broome U. Changes over a 20-year period in the clinical presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:88-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190768?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037993?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Feldstein AE, Perrault J, El-Youssif M, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2003;38:210-217.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12830004?tool=bestpractice.com是否伴有炎症性肠病有明显的地区性差异,在亚洲及南欧患者中,伴有炎症性肠病的情况更少见。[8]Escorsell A, Pares A, Rodes J, et al. Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain. Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 1994;21:787-791.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7890895?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Takikawa H. Characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan. Hepatol Res. 2007;37:S470-S473.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17931205?tool=bestpractice.com