吸入皮质类固醇对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制作用:有中等质量的证据表明使用800至3200μg布地奈德可发生肾上腺功能抑制,高剂量的氟替卡松常与肾上腺危象的病例中相关。[16]Sharek PJ, Bergman DA, Ducharme FM. Beclomethasone for asthma in children: effects on linear growth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1999;(3):CD001282.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001282/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796632?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Adams N, Bestall J, Jones PW. Budesonide at different doses for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD003271.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003271/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687182?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Todd GR, Acerini CL, Ross-Russell R, et al. Survey of adrenal crisis associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:457-461.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456538?tool=bestpractice.com环索奈德对肾上腺功能似乎并无不利影响。[15]Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Adrenal suppression and clinical harms by inhaled corticosteroids: a review of safety and guidelines. August 2011. http://www.cadth.ca (last accessed 28 July 2016).http://www.cadth.ca/media/pdf/htis/aug-2011/RC0295_Adrenal_Suppression_Inhaled_Steroids.pdf[19]Skoner DP, Maspero J, Banerji D, et al. Assessment of the long-term safety of inhaled ciclesonide on growth in children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1-e14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070931?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
吸入皮质类固醇对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制作用:有中等质量的证据表明使用800至3200μg布地奈德可发生肾上腺功能抑制,高剂量的氟替卡松常与肾上腺危象的病例中相关。[16]Sharek PJ, Bergman DA, Ducharme FM. Beclomethasone for asthma in children: effects on linear growth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1999;(3):CD001282.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001282/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796632?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Adams N, Bestall J, Jones PW. Budesonide at different doses for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD003271.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003271/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687182?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Todd GR, Acerini CL, Ross-Russell R, et al. Survey of adrenal crisis associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:457-461.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456538?tool=bestpractice.com环索奈德对肾上腺功能似乎并无不利影响。[15]Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Adrenal suppression and clinical harms by inhaled corticosteroids: a review of safety and guidelines. August 2011. http://www.cadth.ca (last accessed 28 July 2016).http://www.cadth.ca/media/pdf/htis/aug-2011/RC0295_Adrenal_Suppression_Inhaled_Steroids.pdf[19]Skoner DP, Maspero J, Banerji D, et al. Assessment of the long-term safety of inhaled ciclesonide on growth in children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1-e14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070931?tool=bestpractice.com
ACTH兴奋试验结果和使用皮质类固醇:一项较低质量证据表明,健康男性在完成为期5天的泼尼松(泼尼松龙)25mg每日两次的治疗,其后2天进行胰岛素诱导低血糖试验和ACTH兴奋试验,结果发现兴奋后皮质醇峰值和预测值相比明显降低。[44]Streck WF, Lockwood DH. Pituitary adrenal recovery following short-term suppression with corticosteroids. Am J Med. 1979;66:910-914.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/222143?tool=bestpractice.com然而,皮质类固醇治疗结束后的第5天,低血糖兴奋后的皮质醇峰值恢复到接近治疗前水平,ACTH兴奋试验后的皮质醇峰值在正常范围内。多种疾病(如炎症性肠病、COPD)应用泼尼松(泼尼松龙)25mg/天,治疗5-30天,也可导致肾上腺功能抑制。[45]Henzen C, Suter A, Lerch E, et al. Suppression and recovery of adrenal response after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Lancet. 2000;355:542-545.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683005?tool=bestpractice.com低剂量糖皮质激素治疗方面尚无系统性研究。文献表明,肾上腺功能抑制在低剂量糖皮质激素治疗如泼尼松(泼尼松龙)5mg/天时也可发生,但目前尚不清楚这是否有临床意义。[46]Danowski TS, Bonessi JV, Sabeh G, et al. Probabilities of pituitary-adrenal responsiveness after steroid therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1964;61:11-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14175832?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Fujieda K, Reyes FI, Blankstein J, et al. Pituitary-adrenal function in women treated with low doses of prednisone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;137:962-965.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996485?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
ACTH兴奋试验结果和使用皮质类固醇:一项较低质量证据表明,健康男性在完成为期5天的泼尼松(泼尼松龙)25mg每日两次的治疗,其后2天进行胰岛素诱导低血糖试验和ACTH兴奋试验,结果发现兴奋后皮质醇峰值和预测值相比明显降低。[44]Streck WF, Lockwood DH. Pituitary adrenal recovery following short-term suppression with corticosteroids. Am J Med. 1979;66:910-914.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/222143?tool=bestpractice.com然而,皮质类固醇治疗结束后的第5天,低血糖兴奋后的皮质醇峰值恢复到接近治疗前水平,ACTH兴奋试验后的皮质醇峰值在正常范围内。多种疾病(如炎症性肠病、COPD)应用泼尼松(泼尼松龙)25mg/天,治疗5-30天,也可导致肾上腺功能抑制。[45]Henzen C, Suter A, Lerch E, et al. Suppression and recovery of adrenal response after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Lancet. 2000;355:542-545.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683005?tool=bestpractice.com低剂量糖皮质激素治疗方面尚无系统性研究。文献表明,肾上腺功能抑制在低剂量糖皮质激素治疗如泼尼松(泼尼松龙)5mg/天时也可发生,但目前尚不清楚这是否有临床意义。[46]Danowski TS, Bonessi JV, Sabeh G, et al. Probabilities of pituitary-adrenal responsiveness after steroid therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1964;61:11-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14175832?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Fujieda K, Reyes FI, Blankstein J, et al. Pituitary-adrenal function in women treated with low doses of prednisone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;137:962-965.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996485?tool=bestpractice.com