肾上腺功能抑制

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Duclos M, Guinot M, Colsy M, et al. High risk of adrenal insufficiency after a single articular steroid injection in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1036-1043.

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Wlodarczyk JH, Gibson PG, Caeser M. Impact of inhaled corticosteroids on cortisol suppression in adults with asthma: a quantitative review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;100:23-30.

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Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, et al. Inhaled fluticasone propionate and adrenal effects in adult asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:960-967.

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Henzen C, Suter A, Lerch E, et al. Suppression and recovery of adrenal response after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Lancet. 2000;355:542-545.

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Marik PE, Varon J. Requirement of perioperative stress doses of corticosteroids: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Surg. 2008;143:1222-1226.

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Hopkins RL, Leinung MC. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome and glucocorticoid withdrawal. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005;34:371-384.

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1.  Schlaghecke R, Kornely E, Santen RT, et al. The effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on pituitary-adrenal responses to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:226-230.

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3.  Duclos M, Guinot M, Colsy M, et al. High risk of adrenal insufficiency after a single articular steroid injection in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1036-1043.

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13.  Masoli M, Weatherall M, Holt S, et al. Inhaled fluticasone propionate and adrenal effects in adult asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:960-967.

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14.  Sherman B, Weinberger M, Chen-Walden H, et al. Further studies of the effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on pituitary-adrenal function in healthy adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982;69:208-212.

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15.  Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Adrenal suppression and clinical harms by inhaled corticosteroids: a review of safety and guidelines. August 2011. http://www.cadth.ca (last accessed 28 July 2016).

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16.  Sharek PJ, Bergman DA, Ducharme FM. Beclomethasone for asthma in children: effects on linear growth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1999;(3):CD001282.

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17.  Adams N, Bestall J, Jones PW. Budesonide at different doses for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD003271.

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18.  Todd GR, Acerini CL, Ross-Russell R, et al. Survey of adrenal crisis associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:457-461.

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19.  Skoner DP, Maspero J, Banerji D, et al. Assessment of the long-term safety of inhaled ciclesonide on growth in children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1-e14.

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20.  Guven A, Gulumser O, Ozgen T. Cushing's syndrome and adrenocortical insufficiency caused by topical steroids: misuse or abuse? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2007;20:1173-1182.

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21.  Gen R, Akbay E, Sezer K. Cushing syndrome caused by topical corticosteroid: a case report. Am J Med Sci. 2007;333:173-174.

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22.  Atabek ME, Pirgon O, Unal E. Pituitary-adrenal axis suppression due to topical steroid administration in an infant. Pediatr Int. 2007;49:242-244.

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23.  Siklar Z, Bostanci I, Atli O, et al. An infantile Cushing syndrome due to misuse of topical steroid. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:561-563.

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24.  Woo WK, McKenna KE. Iatrogenic adrenal gland suppression from use of a potent topical steroid. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28:672-673.

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25.  Gilbertson EO, Spellman MC, Piacquadio DJ, et al. Super potent topical corticosteroid use associated with adrenal suppression: clinical considerations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:318-321.

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26.  Gonzalez Villarroel P, Fernandez Perez I, Paramo C, et al. Megestrol acetate-induced adrenal insufficiency. Clin Transl Oncol. 2008;10:235-237.

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28.  Vassiliadi D, Tsagarakis S. Unusual causes of Cushing's syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;51:1245-1252.

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29.  Orme LM, Bond JD, Humphrey MS, et al. Megestrol acetate in pediatric oncology patients may lead to severe, symptomatic adrenal suppression. Cancer. 2003;98:397-405.

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30.  Meacham LR, Mazewski C, Krawiecki N. Mechanism of transient adrenal insufficiency with megestrol acetate treatment of cachexia in children with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003;25:414-417.

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31.  Naing KK, Dewar JA, Leese GP. Megestrol acetate therapy and secondary adrenal suppression. Cancer. 1999;86:1044-1049.

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32.  Mann M, Koller E, Murgo A, et al. Glucocorticoidlike activity of megestrol: a summary of Food and Drug Administration experience and a review of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1651-1656.

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33.  Subramanian S, Goker H, Kanji A, et al. Clinical adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving megestrol therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1008-1011.

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34.  Hellman L, Yoshida K, Zumoff B, et al. The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976;42:912-917.

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36.  Dux S, Bishara J, Marom D, et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate-induced secondary adrenal insufficiency. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:134.

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37.  Malik KJ, Wakelin K, Dean S, et al. Cushing's syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis suppression induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate. Ann Clin Biochem. 1996;33:187-189.

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38.  Foisy MM, Yakiwchuk EM, Chiu I, et al. Adrenal suppression and Cushing's syndrome secondary to an interaction between ritonavir and fluticasone: a review of the literature. HIV Med. 2008;9:389-396.

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39.  Chan CM, Mitchell AL, Shorr AF. Etomidate is associated with mortality and adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: a meta-analysis*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2945-2953.

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40.  Bertagna C, Orth DN. Clinical and laboratory findings and results of therapy in 58 patients with adrenocortical tumors admitted to a single medical center (1951 to 1978). Am J Med. 1981;71:855-875.

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41.  Luton JP, Cerdas S, Billaud L, et al. Clinical features of adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, and the effect of mitotane therapy. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1195-1201.

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42.  Axelrod L. Glucocorticoid therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 1976;55:39-65.

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43.  Ortega E, Rodriguez C, Strand LJ, et al. Effects of cloprednol and other corticosteroids on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. J Int Med Res. 1976;4:326-337.

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44.  Streck WF, Lockwood DH. Pituitary adrenal recovery following short-term suppression with corticosteroids. Am J Med. 1979;66:910-914.

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45.  Henzen C, Suter A, Lerch E, et al. Suppression and recovery of adrenal response after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Lancet. 2000;355:542-545.

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46.  Danowski TS, Bonessi JV, Sabeh G, et al. Probabilities of pituitary-adrenal responsiveness after steroid therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1964;61:11-26.

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47.  Fujieda K, Reyes FI, Blankstein J, et al. Pituitary-adrenal function in women treated with low doses of prednisone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;137:962-965.

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48.  Bong JL, Connell JMC, Lever R. Intranasal betamethasone induced acne and adrenal suppression. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:579-580.

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49.  Levin C, Maibach HI. Topical corticosteroid-induced adrenocortical insufficiency: clinical implications. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3:141-147.

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50.  Villabona CV, Koh C, Panergo J, et al. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test during high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Endocr Pract. 2009;15:122-127.

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51.  Schurmeyer TH, Tsokos GC, Avgerinos PC, et al. Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone in patients receiving chronic, alternate day glucocorticoid therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61:22-27.

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52.  Lang I, Zielinski CC, Templ H, et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate lowers plasma corticotropin and cortisol but does not suppress anterior pituitary responsiveness to human corticotropin releasing factor. Cancer. 1990;66:1949-1953.

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53.  Reid DM, Eastmond C, Rennie JA. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression after repeated intra-articular steroid injections. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45:87.

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54.  Perry RJ, Findlay CA, Donaldson MD. Cushing's syndrome, growth impairment, and occult adrenal suppression associated with intranasal steroids. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:45-48.

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55.  Schott S, Schnauder G, Mussig K. Secondary adrenal insufficiency after local injections of triamcinolone acetonide [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009;134:298-301.

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57.  Restituto P, Galofré JC, Gil MJ, et al. Advantage of salivary cortisol measurements in the diagnosis of glucocorticoid related disorders. Clin Biochem. 2008;41:688-692.

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58.  Deutschbein T, Unger N, Mann K, et al. Diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency: unstimulated early morning cortisol in saliva and serum in comparison with the insulin tolerance test. Horm Metab Res. 2009;41:834-839.

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59.  Thevenot T, Borot S, Remy-Martin A, et al. Assessment of adrenal function in cirrhotic patients using concentration of serum-free and salivary cortisol. Liver Int. 2011;31:425-433.

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62.  Duplessis C, Rascona D, Cullum M, et al. Salivary and free serum cortisol evaluation. Mil Med. 2010;175:340-346.

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65.  Abdu TAM, Elhadd TA, Neary R, et al. Comparison of the low dose short Synacthen test (1 microg), the conventional dose short Synacthen test (250 microg), and the insulin tolerance test for assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:838-843.

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68.  Gonzalez-Gonzalez JG, De la Garza-Hernandez NE, Mancillas-Adame LG, et al. A high-sensitivity test in the assessment of adrenocortical insufficiency: 10 microg vs 250 microg cosyntropin dose assessment of adrenocortical insufficiency. J Endocrinol. 1998;159:275-280.

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69.  Kazlauskaite R, Evans AT, Villabona CV, et al; Consortium for Evaluation of Corticotropin Test in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Insufficiency. Corticotropin tests for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal insufficiency: a metaanalysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:4245-4253.

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70.  Magnotti M, Shimshi M. Diagnosing adrenal insufficiency: which test is best - the 1-microg or the 250-microg cosyntropin stimulation test? Endocr Pract. 2008;14:233-238.

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71.  Ospina NS, Al Nofal A, Bancos I, et al. ACTH stimulation tests for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:427-434.

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73.  Marik PE, Varon J. Requirement of perioperative stress doses of corticosteroids: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Surg. 2008;143:1222-1226.

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74.  Hoes JN, Jacobs JW, Boers M, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations on the management of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1560-1567.

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