肺或播散性诺卡菌患者,必须做头部CT或MRI排除大脑受累。确诊脑脓肿时,每隔2~3周需做随访扫描评估治疗效果。[54]Cecchini D, Ambrosioni JC, Gomez A, et al. Disseminated nocardiosis caused by Nocardia abscessus in an HIV-infected patient: first reported case. AIDS. 2005;19:1330-1331.http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2005&issue=08120&article=00015&type=fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16052092?tool=bestpractice.com采用磺胺类和阿米卡星治疗的患者,每周至少需监测一次肾功能。甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑或利奈唑胺治疗期间需每周进行血液学检查排除骨髓抑制。[65]Jodlowski TZ, Melnychuk I, Conry J. Linezolid for the treatment of Nocardia spp. infections. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:1694-1699.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785610?tool=bestpractice.com