中性粒细胞减少性发热是所有类型肿瘤进行化疗的常见并发症。第一次化疗的相关风险最大,但在后续周期治疗中,风险是累积的。[5]Lyman GH, Morrison VA, Dale DC, et al. Risk of febrile neutropenia among patients with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving CHOP chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2003;44:2069-2076.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14959849?tool=bestpractice.com 风险伴随着以下因素增加:第一轮化疗后细胞最低计数较低、既往中性粒细胞减少性发热史、长时间中性粒细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少的程度、化疗强度、年龄、女性、较差的体力状态、白蛋白水平低、伴有贫血、累及骨髓和已存在的器官功能障碍。[6]Lyman GH, Lyman CH, Agboola O. Risk models for predicting chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Oncologist. 2005;10:427-437.http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/10/6/427http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967836?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Talcott JA, Finberg R, Mayer RJ, et al. The medical course of cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Clinical identification of a low-risk subgroup at presentation. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:2561-2568.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3196123?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Rubenstein EB, et al. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: a multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3038-3051.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10944139?tool=bestpractice.com 在接受化疗的血液系统恶性肿瘤患者中,中性粒细胞减少性发热尤为常见。[2]Caggiano V, Weiss RV, Rickert TS, et al. Incidence, cost, and mortality of neutropenia hospitalization associated with chemotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103:1916-1924.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109934135/HTMLSTARThttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15751024?tool=bestpractice.com