超滤
现有证据证明,对于失代偿性心力衰竭,超滤劣于药物治疗,与更高的不良事件发生率有关,[79]Bart BA, Goldsmith SR, Lee KL, et al; Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2296-2304.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1210357#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23131078?tool=bestpractice.com尽管之前的证据表明,超滤与静脉利尿剂应用相比,心力衰竭再住院事件更少、每位患者再住院时间更短且计划外访视次数更少。[80]Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, et al. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Feb 13;49(6):675-83.http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/49/6/675http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291932?tool=bestpractice.com依照目前的美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会指南,在对药物治疗无反应的难治性充血患者,或者有明显的容量负荷过重的患者中,应考虑实行超滤来减轻充血症状,尽管在临床实践中并不常进行超滤。[8]Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al; Writing Committee members, American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. Circulation. 2013;128:e240-e327.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/128/16/e240.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23741058?tool=bestpractice.com
磷酸二酯酶-5 抑制剂
无明确的证据证明,磷酸二酯酶-5 抑制剂对 HFpEF 患者有益,但有一些证据证明,在保留有左心室功能、存在肺动脉高压的患者中(肺动脉收缩压>40 mmHg)[81]Guazzi M, Vicenzi M, Arena R, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a target of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition in a 1-year study. Circulation. 2011;124:164-174.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/2/164.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21709061?tool=bestpractice.com,磷酸二酯酶-5 抑制剂治疗可能会显著改善症状、右心压和右心室功能。
他汀类药物
他汀类药物因其多效性或抗炎作用,已经在 HFpEF 患者中对其进行了观察性研究。[82]Zile MR. Treating diastolic heart failure with statins: "phat" chance for pleiotropic benefits. Circulation. 2005;112:300-303.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/3/300.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027268?tool=bestpractice.com不过,若无其他说明,目前尚无数据支持其在 DHF 中的应用。一项研究认为,因共病,促炎性状态存在于舒张功能受损的患者中,这一促炎性状态可能引起纤维化,从而促发或恶化舒张功能障碍。[83]Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C. A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:263-271.http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/62/4/263http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684677?tool=bestpractice.com有研究表明,他汀类药物治疗可能对减轻这一炎症前状态有益。
地高辛
根据地高辛调研组(DIG)对射血分数正常(射血分数>45%)患者的辅助研究,地高辛不能降低死亡率,但可减少因心衰加重而导致的住院。[84]Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, et al. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation. 2006;114:397-403.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/5/397.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16864724?tool=bestpractice.com
钙离子通道阻滞剂
在对 HFpEF 患者的研究中,维拉帕米可改善运动耐量。[73]Little WC, Wesley-Farrington DJ, Hoyle J, et al. Effect of candesartan and verapamil on exercise tolerance in diastolic dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004;43:288-293.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716219?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Bonow RO, Rosing DR, Bacharach SL, et al. Effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1981;64:787-796.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/64/4/787http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196813?tool=bestpractice.com不过,除用于心房颤动速率控制和高血压治疗外,不建议将该类药物作为 HFpEF 的特定治疗药物。