检查 诊断时,通过此评分评估疾病活动水平以及判断是否存在提示不良预后的因素(例如功能受限、关节外疾病、RF 阳性、抗-CCP 抗体阳性以及影像学上关节侵蚀表现)有助于确定起始治疗方案。
综合疾病评估源于美国风湿病学会 (ACR) 的数据支持,包括关节压痛计数、关节肿胀计数、由健康评估问卷 (HAQ)和多维HAQ (MDHAQ) 或其衍生量表评估的功能状态、疼痛、患者和医生对病情的整体评估以及 ESR 和 CRP 任一炎症评估指标。
任意 3 条或以上联合形成的综合评分可用于疾病活动度的监测。最常用的评估标准包括疾病活动度评分 (DAS)、28 个关节的 DAS 评分 (DAS28)、简化的疾病活动度指数 (simplified disease activity index, SDAI)、临床疾病活动度指数 (clinical disease activity index, CDAI) 以及常规评估患者指数数据 (RAPID3),[18]van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, et al. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:579-581.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8478878?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Aletaha D, Smolen J. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(5 Suppl 39):S100-S108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16273793?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Pincus T, Yazici Y, Bergman M, et al. A proposed approach to recognise "near-remission" quantitatively without formal joint counts or laboratory tests: a patient self-report questionnaire routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID) score as a guide to a "continuous quality improvement". Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(6 Suppl 43):S60-S65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083765?tool=bestpractice.com 均为 ACR 推荐的评估标准。[21]Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American College of Rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:640-647.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21649/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22473918?tool=bestpractice.com 每种疾病活动度评估方式都有其评估的阈值。按照一致性原则,患者整个诊治过程中应使用相同的疾病活动度评估方式。ICORA、BeSt 以及其他试验表明,通过密切监测疾病活动度以及进行靶标治疗,任何 DMARD 或联合生物制剂治疗均可能获得良好疗效。[22]Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:406-415.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371885?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Grigor C, Capell H, Stirling A, et al. Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364:263-269.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262104?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Klarenbeek NB, Güler-Yüksel M, van der Kooij SM, et al. The impact of four dynamic, goal-steered treatment strategies on the 5-year outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the BeSt study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1039-1046.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415052?tool=bestpractice.com