仔细监测疾病活动度以及患者应用的多种药物相关不良事件是很有必要的。
开始 DMARD 治疗前需检查乙型肝炎及丙型肝炎、纯化蛋白衍生物 (PPD)、全血细胞计数 (FBC) 和肝功能 (LFT)。在起始治疗的每 4-8 周应进行 FBC 和 LFT 的实验室监测。当患者用药剂量稳定时,应每 3-4 个月检查一次。[92]Yazici Y, Erkan D, Paget SA. Monitoring by rheumatologists for methotrexate-, etanercept-, infliximab-, and anakinra-associated adverse events. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2769-2772.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558081?tool=bestpractice.com[93]Yazici Y, Erkan D, Paget SA. Monitoring methotrexate hepatic toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis: is it time to update the guidelines? J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1586-1589.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12180713?tool=bestpractice.com
任何综合评分均可用于疾病活动和治疗反应的监测。包括疾病活动度评分 (DAS) 及衍生评分量表、健康评估问卷 (HAQ) 及衍生问卷、常规评估患者指数数据 (RAPID3)、简化的疾病活动度指数 (SDAI) 和临床疾病活动度指数 (CDAI)。[86]Pincus T, Chung C, Segurado OG, et al. An index of patient reported outcomes (PRO-Index) discriminates effectively between active and control treatment in 4 clinical trials of adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:2146-2152.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17080518?tool=bestpractice.com[87]Pincus T, Sokka T. Complexities in the quantitative assessment of patients with rheumatic diseases in clinical trials and clinical care. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(5 Suppl 39):S1-S9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16273778?tool=bestpractice.com[88]Aletaha D, Smolen JS. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) to monitor patients in standard clinical care. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21:663-675.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17678828?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,在常规诊疗中很少使用这些评分,它们是常规风湿病治疗中需要改进的重要方面之一。
美国风湿病学会 (ACR) 工作组推荐以下评分用于评估 RA 疾病的活动度:DAS28、CDAI、SDAI、患者活动量表 (patient activity scale, PAS) 及 RAPID3。这些评分在 RA 患者中似乎作用相似。[21]Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American College of Rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:640-647.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21649/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22473918?tool=bestpractice.com